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The process of evaluating the likely environmental impacts of a proposed project or development, taking into account inter-related socio-economic, cultural and human-health impacts.

A principle to take precautionary measures when an activity raises threats of harm to the environment, even if some cause-and-effect relationships are not fully established scientifically.

The many and varied benefits to humans provided by the natural environment and from healthy ecosystems.

A principle of international environmental law establishing that all states are responsible for addressing global environmental destruction yet not equally responsible.

A law designed to protect species from extinction as a consequence of economic growth and development untempered by adequate concern and conservation.

A system that allows the degradation of one area of the environment in exchange for an equal or greater improvement of another area.

An economic theory that individuals acting independently and rationally according to their own self-interest behave contrary to the best interests of the whole group by depleting some common resource.

A principle where the polluting party pays for the impact caused to the environment.

An economic system aimed at minimizing waste and making the most of resources. This regenerative approach is in contrast to the traditional linear economy, which has a 'take, make, dispose' model of production.

The direct or indirect introduction of substances to the marine environment resulting in harm to living resources, hazards to human health, and hindrance of marine activities.

A development strategy that seeks to meet the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.

The rights of landowners whose land abuts a natural watercourse to reasonable use of the water.

A market-based approach to controlling pollution by providing economic incentives for achieving reductions in the emissions of pollutants.

A United States environmental law that promotes the enhancement of the environment and established the President's Council on Environmental Quality (CEQ).

A structured, iterative process of robust decision making in the face of uncertainty, with an aim to reducing uncertainty over time via system monitoring.

Legal agreements that permanently limit uses of the land in order to protect its conservation values.

Species that are not native to a specific location and can cause harm to the environment, human economy, or human health.

The fair treatment and meaningful involvement of all people regardless of race, color, national origin, or income with respect to the development, implementation, and enforcement of environmental laws, regulations, and policies.

An assessment of the extent to which an organization is observing practices which minimize harm to the environment.

The variety of all forms of life, from genes to species, through to the broad scale of ecosystems, which can be directly impacted by human activities, such as habitat destruction, climate change, and pollution.

A United States federal law designed to control air pollution on a national level.

The primary federal law in the United States governing water pollution.

Gases that trap heat in the atmosphere, leading to the greenhouse effect. Major greenhouse gases include carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), and nitrous oxide (N2O).

A United States federal law governing the disposal of solid waste and hazardous waste.