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The division of government responsibilities into distinct branches to limit any one branch from exercising the core functions of another. The intent is to prevent the concentration of power and provide for checks and balances.

The power of the courts to assess whether a law is in compliance with the Constitution. Established by Marbury v. Madison (1803), this principle allows courts to invalidate laws deemed unconstitutional.

A system of government in which entities such as states or provinces share power with a national government. The United States government functions on principles of federalism.

A system that allows each branch of government to amend or veto acts of another branch so as to prevent any one branch from exerting too much power. This system was designed by the framers of the Constitution to provide mechanisms to limit government power.

The principle that the authority of the government is created and sustained by the consent of its people, through their elected representatives. It's rooted in the belief that the legitimacy of a government stems from the will of the people.

A political ideology centered on citizenship in a state organized as a republic under which the people hold popular sovereignty. It emphasizes the election of officials representing the people and the idea that the head of state is not a monarch.