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Significance: Established the principle of judicial review in the United States, meaning that American courts have the power to strike down laws, statutes, and some government actions that contravene the Constitution. Outcome: The Court held that the statute extending the Court's original jurisdiction was unconstitutional.

Significance: Invalidated prohibitions on desecrating the American flag enforced in 48 of the 50 states. Outcome: The Supreme Court concluded that Johnson was exercising his freedom of speech when he burned the flag.

Significance: Invalidated state laws prohibiting interracial marriage. Outcome: Declared that laws banning interracial marriage violate the Equal Protection and Due Process Clauses of the Fourteenth Amendment.

Significance: The Court ruled that the Constitution protected a right to privacy. Outcome: Invalidated the Connecticut law prohibiting the use of contraceptives.

Significance: Held that corporate funding of independent political broadcasts in candidate elections cannot be limited under the First Amendment. Outcome: Removed various limitations on political spending, allowing for more extensive financial contributions from corporations and unions.

Significance: Confirmed the right of Congress to utilize implied powers to carry out its expressed powers, validated the supremacy of the federal government over the states by declaring that states cannot interfere with or tax the legitimate activities of the federal government. Outcome: Prohibited Maryland from taxing the Second Bank of the United States.

Significance: Established the 'clear and present danger test' to determine when speech protected by the First Amendment can be limited. Outcome: Upheld the Espionage Act of 1917 and convicted Schneck of distributing anti-draft pamphlets during World War I.

Significance: Upheld state racial segregation laws for public facilities under the doctrine of 'separate but equal'. Outcome: Legitimized the state laws re-establishing racial segregation.

Significance: Established the 'exclusionary rule' which holds that evidence collected or analyzed in violation of the defendant's constitutional rights is inadmissible for a criminal prosecution in a court of law. Outcome: Applied the exclusionary rule to the States.

Significance: Declared that state laws establishing separate public schools for black and white students were unconstitutional, thus overturning Plessy v. Ferguson. Outcome: Led to the desegregation of schools across the United States.

Significance: Ruled that students do not lose their First Amendment rights to freedom of speech when they step onto school property. Outcome: Upheld the right of students to wear black armbands in protest of the Vietnam War.

Significance: The Court held that a punishment of death did not violate the Eighth and Fourteenth Amendments under all circumstances. Outcome: Reaffirmed the United States' ability to impose the death penalty in certain cases and led to the resumption of executions.

Significance: The Court ruled that a woman's right to an abortion fell within the right to privacy protected by the Fourteenth Amendment. Outcome: The decision gave a woman total autonomy over the pregnancy during the first trimester.

Significance: Ruled that the state must provide defense attorneys to criminal defendants charged with serious offenses who cannot afford lawyers themselves. Outcome: Expanded the Sixth Amendment right to counsel, which previously applied only to federal defendants.

Significance: Struck down the sodomy law in Texas and, by extension, invalidated sodomy laws in 13 other states, making same-sex sexual activity legal in every U.S. state and territory. Outcome: The Court reaffirmed the concept that there is a privacy right that citizens enjoy that prohibits states from intruding into the private lives of its citizens.

Significance: Resolved the dispute surrounding the 2000 presidential election. Outcome: Ended the recount of votes in Florida, effectively awarding the presidency to George W. Bush.

Significance: Reaffirmed the First Amendment right to a free press and limited the government's power to use prior restraint to prevent newspapers from publishing classified material, in this case, the Pentagon Papers. Outcome: Allowed the New York Times and Washington Post to publish the then-classified Pentagon Papers without risk of government censorship or punishment.

Significance: Ruled that inflammatory speech, even speech advocating violence, is protected under the First Amendment unless the speech is likely to incite imminent lawless action. Outcome: Overturned Brandenburg's conviction and established a new standard for limiting speech.

Significance: Expanded the Fourth Amendment protection against 'unreasonable searches and seizures' to cover electronic surveillance and introduced the 'reasonable expectation of privacy' standard. Outcome: Ruled that the government's installation of a recording device in a public phone booth constituted a search and required a warrant.

Significance: Legalized same-sex marriage across the United States, establishing that the right to marry is guaranteed to same-sex couples by the Due Process Clause and the Equal Protection Clause of the 14th Amendment. Outcome: States are required to recognize and license same-sex marriages.

Significance: Decided that redistricting issues present justiciable questions, thus enabling federal courts to intervene in and to decide redistricting cases. Outcome: Established the right of federal courts to review redistricting issues.

Significance: The Court rejected Richard Nixon's claim to an absolutely unqualified privilege against any judicial process. Outcome: Limited the power of the President of the United States to shield information from a trial subpoena.

Significance: Ruled on the requirement for a degree of consistency in the application of the death penalty. Outcome: The arbitrary and inconsistent imposition of the death penalty violated the Eighth and Fourteenth Amendments, and constituted cruel and unusual punishment.

Significance: Upheld the internment of Japanese Americans during World War II as a valid exercise of government power, despite acknowledging that a racial discrimination bearing no relationship to military necessity was involved. Outcome: Legitimized the government's internment policy, subsequently the case was widely criticized, and Korematsu's conviction was later overturned.

Significance: Ruled that Americans of African descent, whether free or slave, were not American citizens and could not sue in federal court. Further, the Court ruled that the federal government had no power to regulate slavery in the federal territories acquired after the creation of the United States. Outcome: Scott remained a slave.

Significance: Established the principle that all criminal suspects must be advised of their rights before interrogation; now known as Miranda rights. Outcome: The accused must be notified of their rights.

Significance: Held that religious duty was not a suitable defense to a criminal indictment. Outcome: Reynolds's conviction was upheld, and the Court found that polygamy could be outlawed.

Significance: Held that the states did not have the right to impose regulations on Native American land. Outcome: The decision is most famous for the Worcester decision's regard for Native American sovereignty.

Significance: Held that the state courts could not enforce racial covenants on real estate. Outcome: Marked a step toward the end of legally enforced racially restrictive housing contracts.