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Glossary of Legal Latin Phrases
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Actus reus
Guilty act. In criminal law, the physical action that constitutes a crime.
Mens rea
Guilty mind. In criminal law, the mental state of a person who commits a criminal act.
Subpoena duces tecum
Under penalty, you shall bring with you. A court order requiring a person to produce documents or records for a trial.
Habeas corpus
You shall have the body. A legal action through which a person can seek relief from unlawful detention.
In loco parentis
In the place of a parent. Refers to the legal responsibility of a person or organization to take on some of the functions and responsibilities of a parent.
Stare decisis
To stand by things decided. The principle of adhering to precedent in legal cases.
Res ipsa loquitur
The thing speaks for itself. In tort law, the principle that the occurrence of an accident implies negligence.
Prima facie
At first sight. Evidence that is sufficient to establish a fact or raise a presumption unless disproved or rebutted.
Inter alia
Among other things. Used in legal writing to indicate that only a part of the argument is being mentioned.
Per se
By itself. Indicates that something is inherently or by its nature.
Modus operandi
Method of operating. Refers to a person's habits or manner of working, particularly in the context of criminal profiles.
Voir dire
To speak the truth. A preliminary examination of a witness or a juror by a judge or counsel.
Ex post facto
After the fact. Refers to laws applied retroactively, typically prohibited in criminal law.
Ipso facto
By the fact itself. Indicates that something is a direct and inevitable result of the fact that has been stated.
Amicus curiae
Friend of the court. A person or organization who is not a party to a case who assists a court by offering information or expertise.
De facto
In fact. Used to describe practices that exist in reality, even if not legally recognized.
De jure
By law. Used to describe what is rightfully and legally established, as opposed to 'de facto', which describes situations that exist in reality but not legally.
De minimis non curat lex
The law does not concern itself with trifles. A legal doctrine that insignificant matters or small details are not covered by law.
Non sequitur
It does not follow. Used to describe a conclusion or statement that does not logically follow from the previous argument or statement.
Pari passu
With an equal step. Refers to treating all parties equally or without preference.
Pro bono publico
For the public good. Legal work undertaken voluntarily and without payment.
Quid pro quo
Something for something. An exchange of goods or services in which one transfer is contingent upon the other.
Ratio decidendi
The reason for the decision. Refers to the legal, moral, political, and social principles used by a court to compose the rationale of a decision.
Obiter dicta
Things said by the way. Refers to remarks or observations made by a judge that, although included in the body of the court's opinion, do not form a necessary part of the court's decision.
In flagrante delicto
In blazing offense. Refers to someone being caught in the act of committing an offense.
Ex ante
From before. Refers to foresight, projected estimates, or weighing the possibilities before they take place.
Ex nihilo
Out of nothing. Refers to creating something from nothing. In legal context, often used metaphorically to suggest something arises without apparent cause.
In camera
In private. Legal proceedings that are not open to the public and are held in a judge’s chambers.
Nolo contendere
I do not wish to contend. A defendant's plea in a criminal prosecution, which does not admit guilt but subjects the defendant to punishment as if they were guilty.
Ultra vires
Beyond the powers. An act performed beyond the scope of the legal authority vested in an individual or institution.
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