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Characteristics: Absurdity, irony, and anti-bourgeois protest, embraced spontaneity and chance. Notable Artists: Marcel Duchamp, Max Ernst, Hannah Höch. Timeframe: 1916-1924.

Characteristics: Spontaneity, large-scale abstraction, gestural brushstrokes, emphasis on the canvas as an arena for action. Notable Artists: Jackson Pollock, Willem de Kooning, Mark Rothko. Timeframe: 1940s-1950s.

Characteristics: Extreme simplification of form, use of monochromatic palettes, emphasis on the physical space of the artwork. Notable Artists: Donald Judd, Dan Flavin, Carl Andre. Timeframe: 1960s-1970s.

Characteristics: Artificial qualities, elongated proportions, unusual effects of scale. Notable Artists: El Greco, Pontormo, Bronzino. Timeframe: 1520-1600.

Characteristics: Fragmented objects into geometrical forms, multiple viewpoints, flattening of the picture plane. Notable Artists: Pablo Picasso, Georges Braque, Juan Gris. Timeframe: Early 20th century.

Characteristics: Ornate, pastel colors, light-hearted decorative themes. Notable Artists: Antoine Watteau, François Boucher, Jean-Honoré Fragonard. Timeframe: Early 18th century.

Characteristics: Juxtaposition of the bizarre and dreamlike with the rational, influenced by Freud's theories of the unconscious. Notable Artists: Salvador Dalí, René Magritte, Joan Miró. Timeframe: 1920s-1930s.

Characteristics: Revival of classical knowledge, emphasis on humanism, realistic use of perspective. Notable Artists: Leonardo da Vinci, Michelangelo, Raphael. Timeframe: 14th to 17th century.

Characteristics: Emphasis on speed, technology, youth and violence, objects in motion. Notable Artists: Umberto Boccioni, Giacomo Balla, Carlo Carrà. Timeframe: Early 20th century.

Characteristics: Emphasis on emotion and individualism, glorification of the past and nature, and fascination with the exotic. Notable Artists: Francisco Goya, Caspar David Friedrich, Eugène Delacroix. Timeframe: Late 18th century to mid-19th century.

Characteristics: Visible brush strokes, light's changing qualities, ordinary subject matter, movement. Notable Artists: Claude Monet, Edgar Degas, Pierre-Auguste Renoir. Timeframe: Late 19th century.

Characteristics: Bold, vivid, non-naturalistic and exuberant colors, simplified forms. Notable Artists: Henri Matisse, André Derain, Maurice de Vlaminck. Timeframe: Early 20th century.

Characteristics: Artistic representation aimed at eliciting an emotional response, expressiveness over realism. Notable Artists: Edvard Munch, Egon Schiele, Wassily Kandinsky. Timeframe: Early 20th century.

Characteristics: Depiction of everyday life and society as it was, often with a focus on the working class. Notable Artists: Gustave Courbet, Jean-François Millet, Honoré Daumier. Timeframe: Mid-19th century.

Characteristics: Imagery from mass culture, bold colors, use of popular and commercial themes. Notable Artists: Andy Warhol, Roy Lichtenstein, Keith Haring. Timeframe: 1950s-1960s.

Characteristics: Extended Impressionism with a greater emphasis on geometrical forms and unnatural color. Notable Artists: Vincent van Gogh, Paul Gauguin, Georges Seurat. Timeframe: Late 19th century to early 20th century.

Characteristics: Decorative, organic forms, flowing lines, inspired by natural elements. Notable Artists: Alphonse Mucha, Gustav Klimt, Antoni Gaudí. Timeframe: Late 19th century to early 20th century.

Characteristics: Grandeur, drama, movement, clear detail, and emotional exuberance. Notable Artists: Caravaggio, Peter Paul Rubens, Rembrandt. Timeframe: 1600-1750.

Characteristics: Inspired by classical antiquity, philosophical ideals of the Enlightenment, and symmetry. Notable Artists: Jacques-Louis David, Jean-Auguste-Dominique Ingres. Timeframe: Late 18th century to early 19th century.