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Art Techniques Glossary
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Chiaroscuro
A technique employed in the visual arts to represent light and shadow as they define three-dimensional objects.
Impasto
A technique where paint is laid on an area of the surface very thickly, usually thick enough that the brush or painting-knife strokes are visible.
Sgraffito
A technique produced by applying layers of pigment and then scratching or scraping the top layers to reveal the color underneath.
Fresco
A method of mural painting executed upon freshly laid lime plaster, where the water-based pigments become a permanent part of the wall.
Trompe-l'oeil
A technique that uses realistic imagery to create the optical illusion that depicted objects exist in three dimensions.
Collage
An artistic composition made of various materials (such as paper, cloth, or wood) glued on a surface.
Grisaille
A painting executed entirely in shades of grey or of another neutral greyish color.
Encaustic
A painting technique in which pigment is mixed with hot liquid wax and applied to the surface while molten.
Gouache
A method of painting using opaque pigments ground in water and thickened with a glue-like substance.
Decalcomania
A technique of creating patterns by pressing paint between two surfaces and pulling them apart.
Assemblage
An artistic process in which a three-dimensional work is made from putting together found objects.
Tenebrism
A style of painting using profoundly pronounced chiaroscuro, where there are violent contrasts of light and dark, and darkness becomes a dominating feature of the image.
Pointillism
A technique of painting in which small, distinct dots of color are applied in patterns to form an image.
Wash
A technique in which a paint brush that is very wet with solvent and holds a small amount of paint is applied to the canvas.
Dada
An art movement of the European avant-garde in the early 20th century, characterized by a spirit of anarchic revolt against traditional values and aesthetics.
Sfumato
A painting technique for softening the transition between colors, mimicking an area beyond what the human eye is focusing on, or the out-of-focus plane.
Underpainting
An initial layer of paint applied to a ground, which serves as a base for subsequent layers of paint.
Glazing
A technique in painting where a transparent layer of paint (glaze) is laid over another, usually lighter, painted or glazed layer.
Drybrush
A painting technique in which a paint brush that is relatively dry, but still holds paint, is brushed onto a dry canvas.
Ink Wash Painting
A type of East Asian brush painting that uses black ink as used in East Asian calligraphy, in different concentrations.
Batik
A technique of wax-resist dyeing applied to whole cloth, or cloth made using this technique, originated from Indonesia.
En plein air
A French expression which means 'in the open air', used to describe the act of painting outdoors.
Papier collé
A type of collage and the technique of using paper cut-outs as an integral part of the work.
Found Object
Art created from undisguised, but often modified, items that are not normally considered art, often because they already have a non-art function.
Marbling
A method of aqueous surface design, which can produce patterns similar to smooth marble or other kinds of stone.
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