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Pottery and Ceramics Glossary
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Leather-hard
A stage of clay between wet and bone dry where it is still damp but firm enough to be carved or joined.
Frit
A ceramic material that has been fused, quenched, and granulated, often used in making glazes and enamels.
Sgraffito
A decorating technique where a layer of slip applied to a clay body is scratched through to reveal the clay color underneath.
Porcelain
A high-fired, vitrified, and translucent clay body that is typically white and can be used for fine china.
Pinching
A hand-building technique that involves squeezing the clay, usually between fingers and thumb.
Stoneware
A type of clay that becomes vitrified when fired at high temperatures, making it watertight and sturdy.
Glaze
A glassy coating applied to pottery that becomes waterproof after firing.
Score and Slip
A method of joining two pieces of clay where the surfaces are scratched and then slip is applied before joining.
Throwing
The process of shaping the clay on a potter's wheel.
Kiln
A furnace or oven for burning, baking, or drying, especially one for firing pottery, bricks, etc.
Coiling
A hand-building technique that involves creating forms from rolled ropes of clay stacked and joined together.
Bisque
Pottery that has been fired once but not yet glazed.
Underglaze
Colored decoration applied on the clay body before it is glazed, usually does not run during firing.
Raku
A low-firing process where the pottery is removed from the kiln while hot and subjected to post-firing reduction.
Slab construction
A hand-building technique involving flat pieces of clay that are joined together to form an object.
Grog
Fired clay that has been ground up into a fine material that can be added to a clay body to reduce shrinkage and add texture.
Slip
A liquid mixture of clay and water used in pottery making.
Earthenware
A low-fired clay body that is porous and not vitrified, often used for decorative pottery.
Cone
A pyramid-shaped material that melts at specific temperatures used to gauge the heatwork in a kiln during firing.
Wedging
A method of kneading clay to remove air bubbles and prepare it to be used.
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