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Typographic Terms and Concepts

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Glyph

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A single visual representation of a character, symbol, or element within a font. Example: The symbol '@' is a glyph.

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Script Type

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A typeface based on the varied and often fluid stroke created by handwriting. Example: Brush Script mimics the look of ink brushed on paper.

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Serif

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Small decorative lines added at the ends of the main strokes of a character. Example: Times New Roman.

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Kerning

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The process of adjusting the spacing between characters to create a harmonious pairing. Example: Adjusting the space between 'A' and 'V' so they fit more aesthetically.

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X-height

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The height of the lowercase letters in a typeface, specifically based on the letter 'x'. Example: Comic Sans has a larger x-height compared to Times New Roman.

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Typeface

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A set of characters that share common design features. Example: Helvetica, Garamond, and Futura are different typefaces.

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Ascender

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The portion of a letter in a typeface that extends above the mean line of a font. Example: The letter 'd' has an ascender, which is the part that stretches above the main character body.

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Ligature

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Two or more letters combined into a single character for a stylistic or functional purpose. Example: The combination 'fi' is often created as a ligature in various fonts.

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Leading

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The vertical space between lines of text. Example: Adjusting the leading can prevent the text from looking too crammed or too spread out.

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Dingbat

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A typographic ornament used to decorate text or to serve as a glyph representing something other than a letter or number. Example: The printer's symbol '❥' used as a bullet or separator.

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Baseline

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The line upon which most letters sit and below which descenders extend. Example: In a paragraph of text, the baseline is the line that the letters 'a', 'm', 'n', sit on.

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Descender

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The portion of a letter in a typeface that extends below the baseline of a font. Example: The letter 'g' has a descender, which is the part that extends below the baseline.

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Tracking

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The uniform adjustment of spacing applied over a range of characters. Example: Expanding the tracking on a paragraph to fill a space more completely.

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Italic

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A typeface style where the letters slant to the right, often used for emphasis or contrast. Example: The phrase 'Do not touch' can be italized for emphasis.

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Font

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A graphical representation of text characters in a specific style and size. Example: Arial is a widely used sans-serif font.

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Grid

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A framework of intersecting horizontal and vertical lines used to structure content. Example: Modern web design is largely based on grid layouts for a clean, organized appearance.

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Ornament

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Decorative character used to embellish typographical materials. Example: Floral designs or symbols added between paragraphs for decorative purpose.

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Point Size

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A measure that defines the size of a font; one point is 1/72 of an inch. Example: 12-point font is commonly used for text documents.

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Condensed

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A typeface or font where the characters are narrower than the standard. Example: Helvetica Condensed is used when space is limited and a lot of text is required.

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Weight

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Refers to the thickness of the characters in a typeface, from light to bold. Example: The difference between 'normal' and 'bold' when selecting text attributes.

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