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Launch Date: July 16, 1969; Objectives: Perform a crewed lunar landing and return to Earth; Key Findings: First humans on the Moon, collection of lunar material.

Launch Date: November 26, 2011; Objectives: Investigate Mars' habitability, study its climate and geology; Key Findings: Organic molecules found, evidence of ancient water flows.

Launch Date: April 24, 1990; Objectives: Capture detailed images of the universe; Key Findings: Deep Field images, expanding accelerating universe.

Launch Date: March 7, 2009; Objectives: Discover Earth-size exoplanets in the habitable zone; Key Findings: Identified thousands of exoplanets, many are Earth-size.

Launch Date: August 3, 2004; Objectives: Study the characteristics and environment of Mercury; Key Findings: Discovered water ice at Mercury's poles, volcanic activity on its surface.

Launch Date: March 2, 1972; Objectives: First spacecraft to travel through the asteroid belt and make direct observations of Jupiter; Key Findings: Strong radiation belts around Jupiter, long-distance communications.

Expected Launch Date: December 25, 2021; Objectives: Study galaxy, star and planet formation in the universe; Key Findings: To be determined post launch.

Launch Date: August 5, 2011; Objectives: Study Jupiter's composition, gravity field, magnetic field, and polar magnetosphere; Key Findings: Jupiter's intense polar cyclones, deep atmospheric dynamics.

Launch Date: May 5, 2018; Objectives: Study the interior of Mars; Key Findings: Detected Martian seismic activity, studied the planet's crust, mantle, and core.

Launch Dates: June 10 and July 7, 2003; Objectives: Search for and characterize a wide range of rocks and soils that hold clues to past water activity on Mars; Key Findings: Discoveries about wet environments on ancient Mars that may have been habitable.

Launch Date: December 4, 1996; Objectives: Demonstrate a low-cost method for delivering a set of science instruments to Mars; Key Findings: Analysis of Martian atmosphere, climate, geology, and the composition of its rocks and soil.

Launch Date: October 15, 1997; Objectives: Study Saturn and its moons, including landing a probe on Titan; Key Findings: Hydrocarbon lakes on Titan, complex rings of Saturn.

Launch Date: September 5, 1977; Objectives: Study the outer solar system and interstellar space; Key Findings: Discovered volcanic activity on Io, interstellar medium analysis.

Launch Date: August 20, 1977; Objectives: Extend NASA's exploration of the outer planets; Key Findings: First to observe all four outer planets, discovered 14 new moons.

Launch Date: August 12, 2018; Objectives: Trace the flow of energy and understand the heating of the solar corona; Key Findings: First observations of the solar wind in the corona, solar particles in the sun's outer atmosphere.

Launch Date: January 19, 2006; Objectives: Perform a flyby of Pluto and then venture into the Kuiper Belt; Key Findings: Complex geology on Pluto, detection of possible cryovolcanoes.

Launch Date: July 23, 1999; Objectives: Observe X-rays from high-energy regions of the universe; Key Findings: Detailed studies of black holes, neutron stars, and supernovae.

Launch Date: April 6, 1973; Objectives: Study the asteroid belt, Jupiter, Saturn, and the outer solar system; Key Findings: First to encounter Saturn, discovered additional Jupiter's and Saturn's moons.

Launch Date: October 18, 1989; Objectives: Study Jupiter and its moons; Key Findings: Evidence of saltwater ocean beneath Europa's surface, diversity of Jupiter's moons.