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First flight in 1984, completed 39 missions including the deployment of the Hubble Space Telescope; retired in 2011.

First flight in 1985, known for missions such as STS-51-J and the final Hubble service mission (STS-125); retired in 2011 after the STS-135 mission.

First flight in 1992, built as a replacement for Challenger; last mission was STS-134 in 2011.

1986, Space Shuttle Challenger broke apart 73 seconds after launch; led to a reevaluation of the shuttle program.

1981, First space shuttle mission, Columbia; marked the beginning of the Space Shuttle program.

2003, Space Shuttle Columbia disintegrated upon re-entry; resulted in a two-year suspension of the shuttle program.

1983, Carried the first Spacelab module into orbit; demonstrated the use of the Space Shuttle for scientific research.

1990, Deployed during STS-31 mission; significantly advanced astronomical research.

2011, Final mission of the Space Shuttle program; flown by Atlantis and delivered supplies to the ISS.

1984, First untethered spacewalk using the Manned Maneuvering Unit (MMU); showcased advanced EVA capabilities.

1995, First Space Shuttle docking with the Russian Space Station Mir; marked the beginning of international cooperation aboard the orbiting laboratory.

2003, Columbia's final mission; ended in disaster, contributing to the decision to retire the Space Shuttle fleet.

1993, First Hubble Space Telescope servicing mission; restored the telescope's vision.

2011, Final flight of Discovery; delivered the Permanent Multipurpose Module to the ISS.