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Logistics and Distribution Terms
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VMI
Vendor Managed Inventory: A family of business models in which the buyer of a product provides certain information to a supplier of that product and the supplier takes full responsibility for maintaining an agreed inventory of the material.
BOL
Bill of Lading: A legal document issued by a carrier to a shipper, detailing the type, quantity, and destination of the goods being carried.
Cross-Docking
A logistics procedure where products from a supplier or manufacturing plant are distributed directly to a customer or retail chain with marginal to no handling or storage time.
TMS
Transportation Management System: A platform designed to streamline the shipping process. It is a subset of supply chain management concerning transportation solutions.
3PL
Third-Party Logistics: Outsourcing logistics services to a third-party company. Includes transportation, warehousing, and other services.
Backorder
An order for a good or service that cannot be filled at the current time due to a lack of available supply. The item may be delivered once it becomes available.
FTL
Full Truckload: Shipping method where a truck carries one dedicated shipment. Used for large shipments that can fill or nearly fill an entire trailer.
RFID
Radio-Frequency Identification: Use of electromagnetic fields to automatically identify and track tags attached to objects.
POD
Proof of Delivery: A document or electronic notice confirming receipt of a shipment.
DC
Distribution Center: A warehouse or specialized building where a set of products is received, processed, and then shipped to destination points.
IoT
Internet of Things: Network of physical objects embedded with sensors, software, and other technologies for connecting and exchanging data.
WMS
Warehouse Management System: Software that supports daily operations in a warehouse, including inventory management, picking processes, and auditing.
SKU
Stock Keeping Unit: A unique identifier for each distinct product and service that can be purchased.
EDI
Electronic Data Interchange: The computer-to-computer exchange of business documents in a standard electronic format between business partners.
LTL
Less Than Truckload: Shipping for cargo that doesn't require a full truckload due to the smaller volume. Reduces costs by sharing trailer space.
KPI
Key Performance Indicator: A set of quantifiable measurements used to gauge a company's overall long-term performance.
DRP
Distribution Resource Planning: A method used in business administration for planning orders within a supply chain. It ensures that inventory is available for the customer to maintain the balance of demand and supply.
ETA
Estimated Time of Arrival: The date and time when a shipment is predicted to arrive at a specified destination.
Last Mile
The final step of the delivery process where a product is moved from a transportation hub to its final delivery destination. The focus is on delivering items to the end user as fast as possible.
Incoterm
International Commercial Terms: A series of pre-defined commercial terms published by the International Chamber of Commerce related to international commercial law.
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