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Communication Law and Policy
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Telecommunications Act of 1996
A comprehensive law overhauling regulation of the communication and media market, allowing for media cross-ownership and lifting some restrictions on radio and television station ownership.
Fair Use
A legal doctrine that permits limited use of copyrighted material without acquiring permission from the rights holders. Examples include commentary, criticism, news reporting, research, teaching, and scholarship.
Prior Restraint
Government action that prohibits speech or other expression before it can take place. Has been limited by the First Amendment and the Supreme Court, particularly in Near v. Minnesota and New York Times Co. v. United States.
Broadcast Regulation
The regulation of broadcast radio and television by government agencies such as the FCC in the United States. It includes licensing, technical standards, and content restrictions.
The Children's Television Act (CTA)
An Act of Congress that requires each U.S. broadcast television station to air programming specifically designed to serve the educational and informational needs of children.
Censorship
The suppression of speech, public communication, or other information which may be considered objectionable, harmful, sensitive, politically incorrect, or inconvenient as determined by governments, media outlets, authorities, or other groups or institutions.
The Children's Online Privacy Protection Act (COPPA)
A law created to protect the privacy of children under the age of 13. The Act also restricts the ways advertisers can target children with online marketing.
Defamation
A false communication that harms another's reputation and can lead to a civil lawsuit. Libel and slander are types of defamation.
Net Neutrality
The principle that Internet service providers should enable access to all content and applications regardless of the source, without favoring or blocking particular products or websites.
The Right to Privacy
The concept that one's personal information is protected from public scrutiny. United States Law has four types of invasions of privacy: intrusion upon solitude, public disclosure of private facts, false light, and appropriation.
Shield Laws
Laws that provide a privilege to journalists not to disclose in court the confidential information or sources of their news reports.
Freedom of Information Act (FOIA)
A law that gives you the right to access information from the federal government. It is often described as the law that keeps citizens in the know about their government.
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