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Key Theorists in Communication Theory
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Paul Watzlawick
One of the main theorists behind the constructivist theory of communication; he proposed that all behavior is communication. He's also known for his five axioms of communication, suggesting that 'One cannot not communicate.'
Marshall McLuhan
Developed the theory of 'The medium is the message'; foresaw the World Wide Web 30 years before it was invented.
Stuart Hall
Developed the Reception Theory in cultural studies, which emphasizes the reader's role in interpreting messages, and Encoding and Decoding model of communication.
Wilbur Schramm
Considered the founder of the field of communication studies, he developed the Schramm's Model of Communication which included the encoder, the signal, and the decoder.
Elisabeth Noelle-Neumann
Developed the Spiral of Silence theory which describes the process by which one opinion becomes dominant as those who perceive their opinion to be less popular become silent.
Karl Deutsch
Known for his work in cybernetics and the concept of the Nerves of Government, which applies communication theory to the workings of a political system.
Claude Shannon and Warren Weaver
Developed the Shannon-Weaver model of communication, which proposed the mathematical theory of communication and laid the foundation for the field of information theory.
Everett Rogers
Developed the Diffusion of Innovations Theory which seeks to explain how, why, and at what rate new ideas and technology spread through cultures.
Albert Mehrabian
Best known for his studies on the relative importance of verbal and nonverbal messages, proposing the 7%-38%-55% rule in communication.
Charles Cooley
Introduced the concept of the 'looking-glass self' which posits that a person's self grows out of society's interpersonal interactions and the perceptions of others.
Harold Lasswell
Formulated the Lasswell Model of Communication, which suggests that a convenient way to describe an act of communication is to answer the following questions: Who? Says What? In Which Channel? To Whom? With What Effect?
George Gerbner
Created the Cultivation Theory which suggests that exposure to mass media, especially television, shapes our perceptions of reality over time.
Jürgen Habermas
Formulated the concept of the public sphere and communicative action, focusing on the role of rational discourse in the democratic process.
Erving Goffman
Known for his dramaturgical analysis approach to social interaction, proposing the Front Stage and Back Stage self in 'The Presentation of Self in Everyday Life'.
Walter Fisher
Developed the Narrative Paradigm, which is a theory that suggests all meaningful communication is a form of storytelling or giving a report of events, and that humans experience and comprehend life as a series of ongoing narratives.
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