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Key Theorists in Communication Theory

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Paul Watzlawick

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One of the main theorists behind the constructivist theory of communication; he proposed that all behavior is communication. He's also known for his five axioms of communication, suggesting that 'One cannot not communicate.'

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Marshall McLuhan

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Developed the theory of 'The medium is the message'; foresaw the World Wide Web 30 years before it was invented.

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Stuart Hall

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Developed the Reception Theory in cultural studies, which emphasizes the reader's role in interpreting messages, and Encoding and Decoding model of communication.

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Wilbur Schramm

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Considered the founder of the field of communication studies, he developed the Schramm's Model of Communication which included the encoder, the signal, and the decoder.

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Elisabeth Noelle-Neumann

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Developed the Spiral of Silence theory which describes the process by which one opinion becomes dominant as those who perceive their opinion to be less popular become silent.

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Karl Deutsch

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Known for his work in cybernetics and the concept of the Nerves of Government, which applies communication theory to the workings of a political system.

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Claude Shannon and Warren Weaver

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Developed the Shannon-Weaver model of communication, which proposed the mathematical theory of communication and laid the foundation for the field of information theory.

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Everett Rogers

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Developed the Diffusion of Innovations Theory which seeks to explain how, why, and at what rate new ideas and technology spread through cultures.

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Albert Mehrabian

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Best known for his studies on the relative importance of verbal and nonverbal messages, proposing the 7%-38%-55% rule in communication.

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Charles Cooley

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Introduced the concept of the 'looking-glass self' which posits that a person's self grows out of society's interpersonal interactions and the perceptions of others.

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Harold Lasswell

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Formulated the Lasswell Model of Communication, which suggests that a convenient way to describe an act of communication is to answer the following questions: Who? Says What? In Which Channel? To Whom? With What Effect?

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George Gerbner

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Created the Cultivation Theory which suggests that exposure to mass media, especially television, shapes our perceptions of reality over time.

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Jürgen Habermas

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Formulated the concept of the public sphere and communicative action, focusing on the role of rational discourse in the democratic process.

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Erving Goffman

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Known for his dramaturgical analysis approach to social interaction, proposing the Front Stage and Back Stage self in 'The Presentation of Self in Everyday Life'.

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Walter Fisher

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Developed the Narrative Paradigm, which is a theory that suggests all meaningful communication is a form of storytelling or giving a report of events, and that humans experience and comprehend life as a series of ongoing narratives.

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