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Basic Animation Principles
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Squash and Stretch
This principle gives the illusion of weight and volume to a character as it moves. Squash and stretch are often used to achieve comedic or exaggerated effects.
Staging
This principle involves presenting an idea so that it is unmistakably clear. It’s all about the presentation.
Anticipation
This principle prepares the audience for an action, and makes the object's action more realistic.
Arc
The principle that natural action tends to follow an arched trajectory, and animation should reflect this to appear more natural.
Follow Through and Overlapping Action
These principles refer to the action that comes after the main action or the timing of ancillary movements relative to the main movements to give a more realistic feel.
Straight Ahead Action and Pose to Pose
These are two different approaches to drawing animations. Straight ahead action creates a more fluid, dynamic illusion of movement, and pose to pose allows the animator more control over the animation's timing.
Slow In and Slow Out (Ease in, Ease out)
The principle of gradually accelerating or decelerating the movement of an object, giving the impression of weight and adding realism.
Secondary Action
These are actions that directly result from another action, enhancing the main action without overshadowing it.
Solid Drawing
This principle is about creating images that are convincing in their form and convincing. It means having a knowledge of anatomy, perspective, weight, volume, light, and shadow.
Timing
Refers to the number of frames for a given action, which translates to the speed of the action on screen.
Appeal
A character design principle that involves creating engaging and compelling characters that the audience can relate to – irrespective of whether the character is hero, villain, comic or cute.
Exaggeration
A principle used to push movement further to deliver a more dramatic and impactful message to the viewer.
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