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Three-point lighting is a standard method of lighting a scene using three types of lights: key light, fill light, and back light.

Underexposure happens when a shot has insufficient light, resulting in a dark image where detail is lost in the shadows.

Handheld camera work involves operating the camera directly with the hands, as opposed to using a device like a tripod or Steadicam, resulting in a shakier, more personal image.

Color temperature is measured in Kelvin and refers to the warmth or coolness of a light source's color.

Bounce lighting refers to the technique of directing light onto a surface or object so that it reflects onto the subject with a more diffused, soft light.

The aspect ratio is the proportional relationship between the width and height of the image on screen.

The key light is the primary source of illumination in a scene and determines the overall look and feel of the lighting setup.

Cross lighting is a technique where lights are placed on opposite sides of the camera, often creating dramatic shadows and a sense of three-dimensionality.

A silhouette is an image where a subject is underexposed and appears as a dark shape against a lighter background, with no distinguishable features.

Camera movement encompasses any physical relocation or repositioning of the camera during a shot, including panning, tilting, dollying, and tracking.

Natural lighting refers to the use of sunlight or other unmodified environmental light sources in film production.

A crane shot is achieved by mounting the camera on a crane or jib, usually to capture high sweeping shots that can move over obstructions.

Low-key lighting is characterized by high contrast, shadowy, and dramatic lighting schemes, often used in film noir and horror movies.

Tilt-shift photography is a technique that employs camera movements for selective focus to simulate a miniature scene or to control the depth of field in a photo.

Back light is used to illuminate the subject from behind, separating it from the background and adding a sense of depth to the image.

Framing is the technique of composing the visual elements within the boundaries of the frame to convey certain information or evoke specific emotions.

Continuity in cinematography ensures that visual aspects of a film are consistent from one shot to the next, keeping the story coherent and fluid.

The rule of thirds is a compositional principle that suggests dividing the frame into nine equal segments with two horizontal and two vertical lines to place important elements along these lines.

Shot size refers to how much of the scene is visible within the frame, often categorized as extreme long shot, long shot, medium shot, close-up, and extreme close-up.

Shot composition refers to how the various elements are arranged within the frame, including actors, props, and the environment.

Depth of field is the range of distance within a shot that appears acceptably sharp. It can be shallow or deep.

A Dutch angle is a cinematic technique where the camera is set at an angle on its roll axis, creating a slanted horizon line.

Exposure is the measure of how much light is allowed into the camera to create the image; influenced by shutter speed, aperture, and ISO.

Hard light produces well-defined, sharp-edged shadows and is usually created by a concentrated and direct light source.

Soft light produces a diffuse, soft-edged shadow, which is created by spreading or diffusing a light source.

Camera angle refers to the angle at which the camera is pointed at the subject: high angle, low angle, eye level, bird's eye view, etc.

Diffusion filters are used in front of the camera lens to create a soft focus effect, often softening imperfections and creating a dreamy or romantic quality in the image.

High-key lighting is a style of lighting that produces a bright, evenly lit scene with few shadows, often used in comedies and musicals.

Rack focus is a technique where the focus of the lens is changed during a shot to shift the audience's attention from one subject to another.

Practical lights are actual functioning light sources seen on camera and used as part of the set, such as lamps or candles.

Overexposure occurs when a shot has too much light, resulting in a bright image where detail can be lost in the highlights.

A montage is a film editing technique where a series of short shots are sequenced to condense space, time, and information.

Fill light is used to reduce the intensity of shadows caused by the key light, providing more detail in the darker areas of the frame without creating additional shadows.

A Steadicam is a camera stabilizer system used to enable smooth, fluid camera movement even when the camera operator is moving over an uneven surface.