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Mapping in UI design refers to the relationship between controls and their effects in the world. Good mapping ensures that controls mirror the spatial or logical layout of their effects.

This principle states that users naturally gravitate towards the solution that requires the least amount of work, and UI should be designed to reduce the effort for the user.

The visibility principle implies that the more visible functions are, the more likely users will know what to do next. Invisibility can lead to confusion.

Affordance refers to an attribute of an object that allows people to know how to use it; for example, a button can be designed to look pushable.

Fitts's Law predicts the time required to move to a target area, suggesting that the time is a function of the target size and distance to the target.

Feedback is the response given by a system after a user's action, providing information about the result and guiding the user's next move.

Constraints in UI design limit the actions that can be done by the user, preventing them from performing undesirable actions and reducing error.

Consistency in UI design ensures that similar elements have similar behaviors and appearance, which makes the interface easier to understand and use.

The principle of tolerance advocates for designing systems that are forgiving of user error and that allow for reversible actions and easy fixes.