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Nonverbal Communication in Business
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Space and territory
How people use space to communicate ownership or territoriality; can influence dynamics and interactions.
Physical barriers
Barriers such as desks or cubicle walls can impact communication flow and the perception of openness or accessibility.
Grooming
Maintaining a well-groomed appearance can suggest competence, cleanliness, and attention to detail.
Vocalics
The study of voice and how it is used in communication; includes tone, pitch, rhythm, timbre, loudness, and inflection.
Paralinguistics
Aspects of spoken communication that do not involve words; includes tone, pitch, and loudness.
Facial expression symmetry
Asymmetry may convey insincerity or discomfort; symmetry is typically associated with honesty and openness.
Chronemics
The use of time in communication; reflects values and priorities, such as punctuality or responsiveness.
Kinesics
The interpretation of body movement, including facial expressions and gestures; integral to sending and receiving silent messages.
Appearance of action
Nonverbal cues are generated not just by static appearance but also by the way one carries out actions.
Dress code
Uniformity and personal expression in attire can convey professionalism and reflect corporate culture.
Use of technology
Choosing particular communication mediums can convey importance, urgency, or formality.
Color psychology
Colors can evoke specific psychological reactions; used strategically in branding, marketing, and personal attire.
Olfactics
The use of scent in communication; can be a subtle cue that influences perceptions and behaviors.
Posture
Indicates interest, attitude, and level of comfort; impacts perception of confidence and professionalism.
Haptics
The study and use of touch as communication; can convey a range of messages from support to aggression.
Facial expressions
Convey emotional state and reactions, often subconsciously; critical for expressing attitudes and emotions without words.
Physical appearance
Influences first impressions and judgments of credibility and professionalism; includes attire, grooming, and accessories.
Silence
Can be strategic, signaling contemplation or disapproval; conveys meaning through absence of verbal communication.
Use of time
Perception of time management and timeliness can affect relatability, reliability, and respect from others.
Eye contact
Signifies attention, interest, and honesty; can convey authority and confidence.
Touch
Can communicate support, sympathy, or assert dominance; highly sensitive to individual and cultural perceptions.
Oculesics
The study of eye movement, eye behavior, gaze, and eye-related nonverbal communication.
Graphics and visuals
The use of visual aids in communication; can enhance understanding and retention of information.
Proxemics
Study of personal space and physical distance in communication; reflects relationships and comfort levels.
Artifacts
Objects used to convey nonverbal messages; includes personal possessions, office design, and dress codes.
Microexpressions
Involuntary facial expressions that occur within a fraction of a second; reveal true emotions and are difficult to control.
Environmental factors
The physical setting in which communication occurs; includes layout, lighting, temperature, and furnishings.
Multimedia usage
Incorporating different types of media into communication; can cater to various learning styles and preferences.
Gestures
Emphasize points, signal to others, and complement verbal messages; can vary greatly across cultures.
Physical fitness
Can signify energy, health, and control; potentially contributing to leadership perception.
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