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An iterative and incremental model that encourages flexible responses to changes. It focuses on customer collaboration, individual interactions, working software, and response to change over following a plan.

In this approach, a prototype (an early approximation of a final system or product) is built, tested, and then reworked until an acceptable prototype is achieved from which the complete system or product can now be developed.

A process where designers continuously engage with users to ensure that the resulting designs are tailored to meet their needs and are usable.

A linear and sequential design approach where progress flows in one direction downwards like a waterfall through phases such as conception, initiation, analysis, design, construction, testing, deployment, and maintenance.

A user-centered design process that places emphasis on the environment or context in which a product will be used. It involves ethnographic study of users, rapid prototyping, and designing with a full understanding of tasks and users.

Inspired by Lean and Agile development theories, this is a model that values the customer's feedback over intuition and provides a collaborative approach where designers work closely with the product team to iterate quickly.

Combines the idea of iterative development with the systematic aspects of the waterfall model. It allows for incremental releases of the product, or incremental refinement through each iteration around the spiral.

This is a design model where the system is developed with a capacity for adaptation so that it can handle changing user needs or requirements over time without the need for dramatic redesigns.

Often considered a subset of human-centered design, this is a method where the stakeholders are involved actively in the design process, which helps to ensure the final product meets their needs and is usable.

An agile process framework for managing complex knowledge work, with an initial emphasis on software development. It defines a flexible, holistic product development strategy where a development team works as a unit to reach a common goal.

An interactive design model which emphasizes the importance of understanding the user's personal characteristics, preferences, and environment before and throughout the design process.