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User Research Methods

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Field Studies

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Observational research method where data is collected in the natural environment of the subjects. Use this method to understand the context of use and observe natural behaviors.

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Diary Studies

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Users self-report their activities at regular intervals to create a log of their activities, thoughts, and frustrations. Use this method to understand the user's behaviors and experiences over time.

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Cognitive Walkthrough

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A method where experts step through a task scenario, asking questions from the perspective of the user. Use this to evaluate the system's ease of learning.

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Contextual Inquiry

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A semi-structured interview method to obtain information about the context of use, where users are first observed using the system, then questioned about it. Use this method to study people's workflows in their natural environment.

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Guerrilla Testing

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A quick and low-cost method to gather feedback on a design or product by approaching people at random in public places such as cafes, libraries, and airports. Use this to get quick insights.

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A/B Testing

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A method of comparing two versions of a webpage or app against each other to determine which one performs better. Use this to make data-driven decisions and improve user experience.

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Benchmarking

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The process of comparing your system's performance against an industry standard or competitors to measure the quality of your design. Use benchmarking to set performance goals and measure progress.

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Heuristic Evaluation

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An expert review where usability experts judge if user interface elements comply with usability principles (heuristics). Use this method prior to user testing to identify glaring UX issues.

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Card Sorting

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A method used to help design or evaluate the information architecture of a site. Participants organize topics into categories that make sense to them and may also help you label these groups.

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Statistical Analysis

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Involves collecting and scrutinizing every data sample in a set of items from which samples can be drawn. Use statistical analysis to draw conclusions from user research data in a scientifically-valid manner.

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Task Analysis

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The process of learning about ordinary users by examining their tasks and goals, in order to understand in detail how users will carry-out their work with the new system. Use task analysis to break down how a task is accomplished in a workflow.

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Surveys

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A method for collecting quantitative information about items in a population. Use this method to gather data from a large group to quantify attitudes, opinions, behaviors, or characteristics.

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Focus Groups

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A moderated discussion with a group of users. Use this method to explore users' views and experiences and to generate hypotheses to test in further research.

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Interviews

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Involve collecting qualitative data through direct talk. Use this method to get deep insights into users' attitudes, desires, and experiences.

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Usability Testing

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Evaluation of a product by testing it on users. Use this method to identify usability problems, collect qualitative and quantitative data, and determine the participant's satisfaction with the product.

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Persona Development

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Creating fictional characters based on your user research to represent the different user types that might use your service, product, site, or brand. Use personas to focus decisions by adding a layer of real-world consideration to the conversation.

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Concept Testing

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A method of quantitively and qualitatively evaluating consumer response to an idea before introducing a product/service to the market. Use this to refine product or service concepts.

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Eye Tracking

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The process of measuring either the point of gaze or the motion of an eye relative to the head. Use this to see where users are looking and how they navigate visual interfaces.

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Experience Sampling Method (ESM)

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Collects real-time data from users at random intervals to capture their experiences and thoughts during the day. Use ESM to identify the user patterns and contexts of system use that unfold over time.

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Storyboards

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Visual panels used to display the sequence of interactions or narrative so that team members can visualize and discuss the user's experience. Use storyboards to communicate the context and emotional state of the user.

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