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Basic Computing
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The primary circuit board in a computer which houses the CPU, memory, and connection interfaces for other peripherals.
Motherboard
A standard number of lines of pixels displayed by a monitor or included in the vertical dimension of a digital image.
Resolution
The act of copying data from a primary to a secondary location that can be used to restore the original after a data loss event.
Backup
The software interface through which a user interacts with a computer, typically involving windows, icons, and menus.
GUI (Graphical User Interface)
An input device used to type text, commands, and other functions into a computer.
Keyboard
A software application for retrieving, presenting, and traversing information resources on the World Wide Web.
Web Browser
The arithmetic logic unit, control unit, and registers within a computer.
CPU Core
Randomly ordered writing of data, such as memory addressing, so that data sequences are spread out evenly over a disk.
Defragmentation
The permanent instructions that tell the computer how to boot, POST, and load the OS and drivers.
Firmware
A peripheral device that allows users to point to objects on the screen and issue commands to the computer.
Mouse
A facility allowing computers, smartphones, or other devices to connect to the internet or communicate with one another wirelessly within a particular area.
Wi-Fi
The comprehensive infrastructure for managing and storing digital files.
File System
A computer network that interconnects devices within a limited area such as a residence, school, or office building.
LAN (Local Area Network)
The unique address that identifies a device on the Internet or a local network, adhering to the Internet Protocol.
IP Address
A collection of data or computer instructions that tell the computer how to work; in other words, this is a term for the various kinds of programs used to operate computers and related devices.
Software
Volatile memory used to store data that the computer is actively using; it is cleared when the computer is turned off.
RAM (Random Access Memory)
The smallest unit of data in computing represented by a 1 in binary for 'on' and a 0 for 'off'.
Bit
A computer output device that uses a laser beam to produce images of high quality.
Laser Printer
The process of starting or restarting a computer system.
Boot (Booting)
A small data-storage device that uses flash memory and is typically removable and rewritable.
USB Flash Drive
The operation of executing multiple operations or tasks simultaneously by a computer.
Multitasking
The main body of a computer program or system software, including the kernel, middleware, operating system, and software applications.
Code
A programmable electronic device that can execute a series of instructions to perform calculations, logical operations, and data manipulation.
Computer
The main chip in a computer that performs computations and basically runs the system.
CPU (Central Processing Unit)
The word used to describe the main program or set of programs that manage computer hardware and software resources and provide services for computer programs.
Operating System
Protection enabled by controlling the access to data or resources on a computer, by only allowing access to authorised users.
Security
A measure of how quickly data can be transferred, typically measured in Mbps or Gbps.
Bandwidth
Non-volatile memory used to permanently store data on computers; retains data even when powered off.
Storage (Hard Drive, SSD)
The visual display panel of the computer where the graphical user interface is displayed.
Monitor
An area in the computer's memory where the operating system, application programs, and data in current use are kept so they can be quickly reached by the device's processor.
Cache
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