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Web Development Terminology

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DOM

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Document Object Model, a programming interface for web documents that represents the page so that programs can change the document structure, style, and content.

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API

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Application Programming Interface, a set of protocols and tools for building software and applications.

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AJAX

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Asynchronous JavaScript and XML, a set of web development techniques using many web technologies on the client side to create asynchronous web applications.

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SEO

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Search Engine Optimization, the process of improving the quality and quantity of website traffic by increasing the visibility of a website or a web page to users of a web search engine.

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JavaScript

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An interpreted programming language that conforms to the ECMAScript specification, commonly used to add interactivity to web pages.

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Responsive Web Design

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An approach to web design that makes web pages render well on a variety of devices and window or screen sizes.

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Git

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A distributed version-control system for tracking changes in source code during software development.

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CSS

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Cascading Style Sheets, a style sheet language used for describing the presentation of a document written in HTML or XML.

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OAuth

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An open standard for access delegation, commonly used as a way for Internet users to grant websites or applications access to their information without giving them the passwords.

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HTTPS

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Hypertext Transfer Protocol Secure, an extension of HTTP for secure communication over a computer network.

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Sass

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A preprocessor scripting language that is interpreted or compiled into Cascading Style Sheets (CSS).

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Media Queries

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Techniques in CSS that allow style rules to be applied only when certain conditions are true, particularly useful in creating responsive web designs.

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CDN

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Content Delivery Network, a system of distributed servers that deliver pages and other web content to a user, based on the geographic locations of the user, the origin of the webpage, and the content delivery server.

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Responsive Images

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Images that work well on devices with widely differing screen sizes, resolutions, and other such features.

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NPM

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Node Package Manager, a package manager for the JavaScript programming language. It is the default package manager for the JavaScript runtime environment Node.js.

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Bootstrap

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An open-source front-end framework for designing websites and web applications. It contains CSS- and JavaScript-based design templates for typography, forms, buttons, navigation, and other interface components.

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WebAssembly

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An open standard that defines a binary-code format for executable programs that enables high-performance applications on web pages.

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REST

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Representational State Transfer, an architectural style for providing standards between computer systems on the web, making it easier for systems to communicate with each other.

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Framework vs. Library

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A framework is a collection of programs that do something useful and which you can use to develop your own applications. Libraries are collections of precompiled routines that a program can use.

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HTML

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HyperText Markup Language, the standard markup language used to create web pages.

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Local Storage

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A web storage method that allows JavaScript sites and apps to store and access data right in the browser with no expiration date.

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Session Storage

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Similar to local storage, session storage is a part of the Web Storage API, but it has a shorter lifespan: data stored is cleared when the current browsing session ends.

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MVC

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Model-View-Controller, a software architectural pattern for implementing user interfaces on computers.

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PWA

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Progressive Web App, a type of application software delivered through the web, built using common web technologies including HTML, CSS, and JavaScript. It is intended to work on any platform that uses a standards-compliant browser, including both desktop and mobile devices.

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GraphQL

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An open-source data query and manipulation language for APIs, and a runtime for executing queries with existing data.

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Containerization

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A lightweight alternative to full machine virtualization that involves encapsulating an application in a container with its own operating environment.

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Microservices

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An architectural style that structures an application as a collection of services that are highly maintainable and testable, loosely coupled, independently deployable, and organized around business capabilities.

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JSON

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JavaScript Object Notation, an open standard file format and data interchange format that uses human-readable text to store and transmit data objects.

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Webpack

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An open-source JavaScript module bundler. It is made primarily for JavaScript, but it can transform front-end assets like HTML, CSS, and images if the corresponding loaders are included.

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Cross-site Scripting (XSS)

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A type of security vulnerability typically found in web applications. XSS enables attackers to inject client-side scripts into web pages viewed by other users.

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