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A system used to achieve agreement on a single data value among distributed processes or systems, such as Proof of Work or Proof of Stake in blockchain.

The first decentralized digital currency, created by an unknown person or group of people under the name Satoshi Nakamoto, which uses blockchain technology for secure peer-to-peer transactions.

A distributed ledger technology that maintains a constantly growing list of records, called blocks, that are linked and secured using cryptography.

Self-executing contracts with the terms directly written into lines of code, which automatically enforce or perform a contract when conditions are met.

The distribution of power away from a central authority in a network, common in blockchain where decision-making is distributed amongst all participants.

The process of validating transactions and adding them to the blockchain ledger, while finding new blocks through a computation process typically involving Proof of Work.

A computer connected to a blockchain network that upholds the network protocol by validating transactions and blocks, and by storing, spreading, and preserving the blockchain.

A consensus algorithm used by Bitcoin and other cryptocurrencies that requires miners to solve complex mathematical puzzles to validate transactions and create new blocks.

An open-source, blockchain-based platform known for its smart contract functionality, which extends beyond simple currency functions.

A type of consensus mechanism where the validation of block transactions is based on the number of coins a validator is willing to 'stake', as opposed to solving computational puzzles.

A digital or virtual currency that uses cryptography for security and is typically built on blockchain technology.

A record-keeping system that stores all the transactions and balances of a financial account, in blockchain it is distributed across a network of computers.

A cryptographic key that can be disseminated widely to provide a secure method of communication in a blockchain network. It corresponds with a private key for secure transactions.

A software program or hardware device that stores private and/or public keys and interacts with various blockchain to enable users to send and receive digital currency and monitor their balance.

A cryptographic key that is kept secret by the owner and is used to sign blockchain transactions to prove ownership of a blockchain address and its associated funds.

A unique digital fingerprint created by running data through a cryptographic hash function; it serves to identify blocks and their contents in a blockchain.

A term used to describe all cryptocurrencies other than Bitcoin; alternative digital currencies that were created after the success of Bitcoin.

A crowdfunding method used by new cryptocurrency companies to raise capitals. In an ICO, some quantities of the cryptocurrency are sold to early backers of the project in exchange for other cryptocurrencies, often Bitcoin or Ethereum.

A measure of the computational work required to execute operations like transactions or smart contracts on the Ethereum network. It is paid for in Ether, Ethereum's cryptocurrency.

A digital unit designed with utility in mind, providing access and use of a larger crypto economic system. It does not have its own blockchain but resides on top of an existing one.

A consensus of replicated, shared, and synchronized digital data geographically spread across multiple sites, countries, and institutions.

A potential attack on a blockchain network where a single entity or group is able to control the majority of the network mining power (hashrate), potentially causing network disruption.

A potential flaw in a digital cash scheme in which the same single digital token can be spent more than once. This is prevented by blockchain technology through a consensus mechanism.

An event where a blockchain diverges into two separate chains, typically occurring when new governance rules are implemented or major fixes to the protocol are needed.