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Information System Models
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Transaction Processing System (TPS)
A system designed to handle a large volume of routine, recurring transactions. Used by organizations to collect, store, process, and output transactions. Common in retail sales, banking, airlines.
Management Information System (MIS)
A system that transforms raw data from internal and external sources into information that managers can use to make informed decisions. Typically generates fixed, scheduled reports based on data from a TPS.
Decision Support System (DSS)
Combines models and analytical techniques with data to support decision-making. Incorporates functions for data analysis like what-if analysis, simulations, and statistical models.
Expert System (ES)
Mimics the judgement and behavior of a human or an organization that has expert knowledge and experience in a particular field. Commonly used in medical diagnosis, credit scoring systems.
Office Automation System (OAS)
Designed to improve the productivity of data workers in the office. Include systems like document management systems and scheduling tools.
Supply Chain Management (SCM)
Facilitates the management of the entire supply chain from suppliers to consumers. Includes procurement, manufacturing, and logistics to optimize the supply chain.
Customer Relationship Management (CRM)
Helps organizations manage their relationship and interactions with potential and current customers. Aims to improve business relationships, increase customer retention, and sales growth.
Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP)
Integrates all the processes necessary to run a company into a single system. Can include finance, HR, manufacturing, supply chain, services, procurement, and others.
Executive Information System (EIS)
A tool that provides direct on-line access to relevant reports and summaries for executive management. Designed to facilitate strategic decision making.
Knowledge Management System (KMS)
Facilitates the organization, retrieval, and use of knowledge of the employees of a company. Includes document management systems, knowledge bases, and learning management systems.
Business Intelligence (BI) System
Combines data gathering, data storage, and knowledge management with data analysis to evaluate and transform complex data into meaningful information.
Enterprise Content Management (ECM)
Concerned with the management of the organization’s unstructured information content, with the goal of making this information available to the right people at the right time.
Geographic Information System (GIS)
Designed to capture, store, manipulate, analyze, manage, and present spatial or geographic data. Used in various sectors such as urban planning, environmental protection, resource management, and logistics.
Workflow Management System (WfMS)
A system that defines, creates and manages the execution of workflows through the use of software, running on one or more workflow engines, which is able to interpret the process definition and interact with workflow participants.
Content Management System (CMS)
A software application or set of related programs that are used to create and manage digital content. CMSs are typically used for enterprise content management and web content management.
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