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OSI vs TCP/IP Models

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Development History

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OSI was developed as a theoretical model, while TCP/IP was developed based on existing networking technology.

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Model Purpose

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OSI is a reference model, while TCP/IP is an implementation used for the internet.

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Interoperability

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TCP/IP offers more straightforward interoperability than OSI owing to its practical design and use.

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Real World Usage

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TCP/IP is the model that the current Internet is based upon, not OSI.

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Cross Layer Functions

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TCP/IP is more likely to have functions that cross layer boundaries compared to OSI.

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Layer Functions

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OSI assigns unique functions to each layer, while TCP/IP layers have overlapping functions.

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Approach and Design

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OSI is a vertical approach while TCP/IP uses a horizontal approach.

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Standardization Process

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OSI was standardized by ISO, whereas TCP/IP standards come from the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF).

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Layer Naming

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OSI uses different names for layers, for example, 'Data Link' and 'Network,' while TCP/IP can refer to both as simply 'Internet Layer'.

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Layer Flexibility

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TCP/IP layers are more flexible and adaptable to changes compared to the rigid structure of OSI.

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Protocol Examples

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OSI does not define protocols per se, while TCP/IP includes specific examples like TCP and IP.

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Data Encapsulation

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Both models use encapsulation, but TCP/IP can have less overhead due to fewer headers.

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Error Handling and Diagnostics

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OSI explicitly defines error reporting in different layers, while TCP/IP does not separate these concerns as clearly.

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Layer Comparison

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OSI has 7 layers, TCP/IP has 4 or 5 layers depending on interpretation.

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Protocol Definition

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OSI does not define the specifics of protocols within its model, while TCP/IP does.

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