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OSI vs TCP/IP Models
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Development History
OSI was developed as a theoretical model, while TCP/IP was developed based on existing networking technology.
Model Purpose
OSI is a reference model, while TCP/IP is an implementation used for the internet.
Interoperability
TCP/IP offers more straightforward interoperability than OSI owing to its practical design and use.
Real World Usage
TCP/IP is the model that the current Internet is based upon, not OSI.
Cross Layer Functions
TCP/IP is more likely to have functions that cross layer boundaries compared to OSI.
Layer Functions
OSI assigns unique functions to each layer, while TCP/IP layers have overlapping functions.
Approach and Design
OSI is a vertical approach while TCP/IP uses a horizontal approach.
Standardization Process
OSI was standardized by ISO, whereas TCP/IP standards come from the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF).
Layer Naming
OSI uses different names for layers, for example, 'Data Link' and 'Network,' while TCP/IP can refer to both as simply 'Internet Layer'.
Layer Flexibility
TCP/IP layers are more flexible and adaptable to changes compared to the rigid structure of OSI.
Protocol Examples
OSI does not define protocols per se, while TCP/IP includes specific examples like TCP and IP.
Data Encapsulation
Both models use encapsulation, but TCP/IP can have less overhead due to fewer headers.
Error Handling and Diagnostics
OSI explicitly defines error reporting in different layers, while TCP/IP does not separate these concerns as clearly.
Layer Comparison
OSI has 7 layers, TCP/IP has 4 or 5 layers depending on interpretation.
Protocol Definition
OSI does not define the specifics of protocols within its model, while TCP/IP does.
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