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Amplitude amplification is a quantum algorithmic technique used to increase the probability amplitude of desired states, thereby increasing the chance of measuring them.

The Pauli X gate acts as a quantum NOT gate, flipping the |0⟩ state to the |1⟩ state and vice versa, much like a classical bit flip.

The Deutsch-Jozsa algorithm is a quantum algorithm that determines, with a single query, whether a function is constant (the same output for all inputs) or balanced (half the outputs are 0 and half are 1), a task that would require at least a linear number of queries classically.

The Pauli Y gate is a quantum gate that rotates the qubit state by $\pi$ radians around the y-axis of the Bloch sphere.

The Hadamard gate creates superposition states by transforming the base states $|0\rangle$ and $|1\rangle$ into equal superpositions of both.

Quantum interference is the phenomenon where the probability amplitudes of quantum states can combine coherently, leading to an increase or decrease in the likelihood of certain outcomes.

Quantum entanglement is a phenomenon in which quantum bits become correlated in such a way that the state of one qubit instantly influences the state of the other, no matter the distance apart.

Quantum state collapse occurs when a qubit's state becomes one of the base states |0⟩ or |1⟩ due to a measurement.

Quantum noise refers to the unwanted disturbances that can lead to errors in qubits and the loss of quantum information, caused by interaction with the environment.

A qubit is the quantum analogue of a classical bit, having the capability to be in a state |0⟩, |1⟩, or any quantum superposition of these states.

Quantum phase refers to the angle between the probability amplitudes of a qubit's state in complex number representation; it's crucial for interference effects in quantum algorithms.

Quantum teleportation is the protocol by which the state of a qubit is transferred from one location to another, without physically moving the qubit itself, through the use of entanglement and classical communication.

The quantum circuit model is a conceptual model for quantum computation where computations are a sequence of quantum gates, represented by unitary matrices, acting coherently on an array of qubits.

The Bloch Sphere is a geometrical representation of pure state qubit states as points on the surface of a sphere.

Quantum coherence is the property of qubits that allows them to exhibit superposition and maintain phase relationships which are necessary for quantum computation.

Quantum decoherence is the process by which quantum systems interact with their environment in a thermodynamically irreversible way, leading to the loss of quantum coherence and entanglement.

The no-cloning theorem states that it is impossible to create an identical copy of an arbitrary unknown quantum state due to the linearity of quantum mechanics.

Quantum measurement is the process of observing a qubit, causing the wave function to collapse to one of its eigenstates, with the outcome governed by probability amplitudes.

A Bell state is a type of quantum state of two qubits that are maximally entangled and exhibit perfect correlations in their properties when measured.

A quantum algorithm is a step-by-step procedure, designed for execution on a quantum computer, that utilizes quantum phenomena like superposition and entanglement to solve problems more efficiently than classical algorithms can.

Superposition refers to a quantum bit's ability to exist in a combination of the base states |0⟩ and |1⟩ simultaneously.

Quantum tunneling is a quantum phenomenon where particles pass through potential barriers that they classically shouldn't be able to overcome.

The Pauli Z gate changes the phase of the qubit state without changing its amplitudes, effectively rotating around the z-axis of the Bloch sphere by $\pi$ radians.

Quantum error correction is a set of methods in quantum computing to protect quantum information against errors due to decoherence and other quantum noise.