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The Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle, stated as $\Delta x \Delta p \geq \frac{\hbar}{2}$, influences the design of precise measurement tools in quantum sensing, as it sets fundamental limits on the precision of measurements.

SQUIDs are highly sensitive magnetometers used to measure extremely subtle magnetic fields, based on superconducting loops containing Josephson junctions. They are key tools in fields such as medicine (MRI) and geology.

Nitrogen-vacancy centers in diamonds are defects that can be used for quantum sensing, detecting magnetic and electric fields, and temperature with high precision and at room temperature, useful in various scientific and industry applications.

Non-classical light sources, like single-photon sources, are essential for quantum sensing, providing light with quantum properties that enable new types of measurements and enhance sensitivity beyond classical constraints.

Quantum sensing exploits quantum correlations such as entanglement to achieve sensitivity beyond classical limits in measuring physical quantities like time, frequency, and electric/magnetic fields.

Quantum imaging exploits quantum states of light to surpass classical imaging limits, enhancing resolution and sensitivity, which can be used in biological research for observing processes at a molecular level.

Quantum clocks use the well-defined energy levels of atoms or molecules as a reference for timekeeping, promising far greater precision in timekeeping than classical clocks, with implications for GPS and high-speed communications.

NOON states are quantum states of the form $\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}} (|N,0\rangle + |0,N\rangle)$ used in quantum metrology to achieve phase sensitivity at the Heisenberg limit, allowing for extremely precise measurements.

Atom interferometry makes use of the wave-like nature of atoms to measure gravitational forces, rotations, and accelerations with high precision, providing sensitive tests of fundamental constants and theories.

Quantum metrology is the science of making high-resolution and highly sensitive measurements using quantum theory to describe and improve measurement processes, enabling tasks like accurate timekeeping and GPS.

Quantum entanglement in sensing allows for the correlation of measurements from entangled particles, even over large distances, resulting in extremely high precision measurements.

Quantum cryptography uses principles of quantum mechanics to secure communication, particularly leveraging the fragility of quantum states to detect any eavesdropping attempts, thus providing theoretically unbreakable encryption.

Quantum gyroscopes use superposition to enhance precision in measuring rotation and maintaining orientation, crucial in navigation systems in both civilian and military technologies.

Spin-based quantum sensors use the spin of electrons or nuclei to detect magnetic fields with high spatial resolution, advantageous in brain imaging and semiconductor characterization.