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Air Entrainment is the intentional creation of small, stable air bubbles in concrete to improve workability and resistance to freeze-thaw cycles.

Bleeding is the phenomenon where water rises to the surface of freshly placed concrete due to settlement of solid particles within the mix, leading to water channels and a weak surface layer.

Compressive Strength is the maximum load per unit area upheld by a concrete sample before failure in compression.

Curing is maintaining moisture content in concrete after it has been placed to ensure adequate hydration and proper strength development.

Reinforced Concrete is concrete combined with reinforcement, typically steel, to improve tensile strength and ductility.

Creep in concrete refers to the gradual, time-dependent deformation under sustained load.

Workability refers to the ease with which a concrete mixture can be mixed, placed, consolidated, and finished without segregation.

Hydration is the chemical reaction between cement and water that leads to the setting and hardening of concrete.

Slump Test is a measure of the consistency and workability of concrete by measuring the settlement of wet concrete after removing a slump cone.

Water-Cement Ratio is the ratio by weight of water to cement in a concrete mix, affecting the concrete's strength and durability; a lower ratio leads to higher strength.

Formwork refers to the temporary or permanent molds into which concrete is poured to achieve desired shapes and support it until it can support itself.

Pozzolan is a siliceous or aluminous material that, in the presence of water, chemically reacts with calcium hydroxide at room temperature to form compounds with cementitious properties.

Shrinkage is the reduction in volume of concrete as it dries and hardens due to loss of moisture and chemical changes during the hydration process.

Segregation is the separation of the components within a concrete mix, leading to an inconsistent distribution of aggregates and a weaker structure.

Slump Cone is a conical tool used in the slump test to assess the workability of a concrete mix by measuring its collapse after lifting the cone.

Retarder is an admixture that slows down the setting time of concrete, providing more time for placing and finishing, especially in hot weather or for large pours.

Elastic Modulus, also known as Young's modulus, quantifies the stiffness of a concrete material, defined as the ratio of stress to strain within the elastic limit.

Fly Ash is a byproduct from coal combustion in electric power plants; used as a pozzolan to enhance concrete's performance and sustainability.

Admixtures are supplementary materials added to the concrete mix to modify its properties, such as setting time, workability, or durability.

Plasticizer is an admixture added to a concrete mix to increase its workability without increasing water content, achieved by reducing interparticle friction.

Cementitious Materials are components in concrete mix that react with water to form compounds possessing cementing properties, such as Portland cement, fly ash, and slag.

Tensile Strength is the maximum stress that a concrete material can withstand while being stretched or pulled before failing in tension.

Prestressed Concrete is concrete in which internal stresses are introduced to counteract potential tensile stresses, improving strength and performance.

Aggregate consists of inert granular materials such as sand, gravel, or crushed stone that are an essential part of concrete, providing compressive strength and bulk.