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Historic Construction Material Use
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Tufa
A variety of limestone, formed by the precipitation of carbonate minerals from ambient temperature water bodies, used in building stone and for statues.
Fieldstone
Naturally occurring stone, used in its natural shape, utilized for building fences, walls, and foundations historically.
Dolomite
A mineral rock containing calcium magnesium carbonate, used as a building material for its durability and for fireproofing.
Thatch
Roofing made from plant stalks (such as reeds, straw or palm fronds); used for its insulating properties and availability.
Sandstone
A sedimentary rock composed mainly of sand-sized minerals or rock grains, used in constructing buildings and monuments.
Basalt
A dark volcanic rock that is dense, hard, and used in construction such as paving stones.
Terra Cotta
Hard-fired clay, brownish-red in color when unglazed, which is used in architectural elements, often ornamental.
Travertine
A form of limestone deposited by mineral springs, especially hot springs, used for building material.
Coral stone
Stone derived from coral reefs and used in building for its aesthetic appeal and natural resistance to elements.
Timber
Wood used as a structural element in construction; its availability and ease of use made it a common building material historically.
Brick
A small rectangular block typically made of fired or sun-dried clay, used in building.
Granite
An igneous rock valued for its hardness and durability, used extensively for monuments and buildings.
Cob
A building material consisting of clay, sand, straw, water, and earth; similar to adobe but with a lumpier texture.
Adobe
A sun-dried brick made of clay, water and typically straw; used historically in arid climates due to its thermal properties.
Slate
A fine-grained metamorphic rock used for roofing and flooring, known for its durability and natural cleavage into thin sheets.
Chalk
A soft white limestone, historically used in construction for its ease of carving and creating quicklime.
Limestone
A sedimentary rock commonly used in historical buildings for its durability; often forms the basic material for cement.
Marble
A metamorphic rock favored for its beauty and variety, used in sculptures and buildings.
Wattle and Daub
A composite building material used for making walls, consisting of a network of interwoven sticks and branches covered with mud or clay.
Mud Brick
Unfired bricks made from a mixture of earth, water, and organic materials like straw or dung, used in ancient and traditional building methods.
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