Discover published sets by community

Cut-and-cover is a simple tunnel construction method where a trench is excavated and roofed over with an overhead support system strong enough to carry the load of what's to be built above the tunnel. It's often used in shallow tunnels and can be disruptive to the surface environment.

The NATM utilizes the geological stress of the surrounding rock mass to stabilize the tunnel itself. It's used for constructing tunnels in unstable rock conditions and includes drilling, blasting, and sequential excavation.

HDD is a steerable, trenchless method of installing underground pipes, conduits, and cables by using a surface-launched drilling rig. It's best used for crossing waterways, roadways, and existing landscapes with minimal impact.

Box jacking is an excavation method where precast concrete boxes are pushed through the soil as excavation progresses. It's typically used to underpass infrastructure such as roads, railroads, and runways without interruption to their use.

Pipe jacking is a technique where pipes are pushed from a drive shaft through the ground behind a shield machine. It's used for the installation of underground utilities that are too large or deep for traditional trenching methods.

A TBM is a machine used to excavate tunnels with a circular cross section through a variety of soil and rock strata. It's used primarily for tunnels that require a smooth circular profile and can work in difficult geologic conditions.

Microtunneling is a digging technique used to construct small diameter tunnels for pipelines using a remotely operated boring machine. It's used for the installation of utility pipelines.

An EPB TBM is designed for soft ground conditions and uses the excavated material to support the tunnel face as it advances. It's used in urban tunneling projects where ground stability and minimal surface settlement are critical.

Guided boring is used to install small diameter pipes with precise line and level control. It is best for installing utility infrastructure in congested urban environments.

It's a traditional tunneling technique where explosives are used to break rock. It is suitable for a wide range of ground conditions and is useful for large, complex projects that require changes in tunnel direction or size.

SCL involves spraying concrete onto the excavation surface shortly after excavation to form a tunnel lining. It's employed in urban tunnels and basements where there's a need for near-immediate ground support and minimal settlement.

Raise boring is a method in which a pilot hole is drilled and then enlarged to create a shaft. It's used to create ventilation shafts or connections between underground and surface facilities, such as mines.

SEM involves the excavation of the tunnel in controlled stages, where excavation and support are done sequentially. It's an adaptable tunneling method used in urban areas or locations with complex geology.

Immersed tube tunneling involves sinking pre-made concrete or steel tube sections into a trench in the bed of a body of water. It's commonly used for underwater tunnels, such as those found in transport crossings under rivers or channels.