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Aviation Transportation Vocabulary

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Fuselage

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The main body of an aircraft that holds the structure together, including the cabin and cockpit.

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Jetway

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A movable connector which extends from an airport terminal gate to an aircraft, allowing passengers to board and disembark without going outdoors.

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Autopilot

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A system in aircraft that allows a pilot to fly the airplane without constant hands-on control, often used for long-distance cruising.

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Knot

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A unit of speed equal to one nautical mile per hour, commonly used in aviation and maritime navigation.

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Aileron

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A hinged flight control surface on the trailing edge of an airplane's wing, used to control lateral balance and roll.

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Glide Slope

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The ideal path for an aircraft's descent to the runway during landing, often part of an Instrument Landing System (ILS).

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Squawk

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A code that an aircraft transmits to identify itself on air traffic control radar, often assigned by air traffic controllers.

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Rudder

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A primary control surface mounted on an aircraft’s vertical stabilizer, used to control yaw and steer the airplane.

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Nose Gear

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The set of wheels located under the front of the aircraft, which helps in steering on the ground and supports the airplane during takeoff and landing.

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Altimeter

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An instrument that measures the altitude of an object above a fixed level, typically used in aircraft to determine flying height.

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Pitot Tube

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An instrument that measures airspeed by comparing static and dynamic air pressure, vital for safe aircraft operation.

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Slats

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Extendable surfaces on the leading edge of airplane wings, which are deployed to increase lift at slower speeds, such as during takeoff and landing.

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Yaw

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The rotation of an aircraft around its vertical axis, which is controlled by the rudder.

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Tailwind

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A wind that blows in the same direction that an aircraft is moving, which can decrease travel time and increase fuel efficiency during flight.

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Deadhead

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A member of the flight crew who is on board the aircraft but not on duty, often present for logistical reasons such as positioning for a later assignment.

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VOR

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A short for VHF Omnidirectional Range, a type of radio navigation system for aircraft which enables them to find their position and stay on course.

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Ground Control

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The area of air traffic control responsible for monitoring and directing all ground traffic at an airport, including taxiing aircraft and airport vehicles.

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Taxiway

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A path on an airport connecting runways with aprons, hangars, terminals, and other facilities, designated for the taxiing of aircraft.

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Thrust Reverser

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A device on jet engines that reverses the engine's thrust to help slow an aircraft upon landing.

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Empennage

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The tail section of an aircraft, including the vertical and horizontal stabilizers, rudder, and elevators.

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Flap

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A movable aerodynamic surface on the trailing edge of an aircraft wing, used to increase the wing's lift during takeoff and landing.

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Holding Pattern

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A maneuver designed to delay an aircraft already in flight while keeping it within a specified airspace.

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Black Box

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A general term for the flight data recorder and cockpit voice recorder on an aircraft, used for accident investigation and analysis.

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ILS

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Instrument Landing System, a ground-based instrument approach system that provides precision guidance to an aircraft approaching a runway.

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Pushback

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The process of an aircraft being pushed backwards away from the airport gate by a tug or pushback tractor, usually just before taxiing.

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Spoilers

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Flight control surfaces on an aircraft wing that can be extended to disrupt airflow, reducing lift and increasing drag to slow the airplane down.

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Nautical Mile

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A unit of distance used in aviation and maritime navigation that is equal to 1,852 meters or 6,076.1 feet.

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Jet Bridge

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Another term for Jetway, a movable walkway that connects the airport gate to the aircraft, allowing passengers to board.

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Winglet

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A small fin at the tip of an aircraft wing designed to reduce drag and improve fuel efficiency.

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Transponder

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An electronic device in aircraft that receives a signal from a radar and automatically returns a set code signal; pivotal for air traffic control to identify the aircraft on radar.

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