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Aviation Transportation Vocabulary
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Fuselage
The main body of an aircraft that holds the structure together, including the cabin and cockpit.
Autopilot
A system in aircraft that allows a pilot to fly the airplane without constant hands-on control, often used for long-distance cruising.
Glide Slope
The ideal path for an aircraft's descent to the runway during landing, often part of an Instrument Landing System (ILS).
Rudder
A primary control surface mounted on an aircraft’s vertical stabilizer, used to control yaw and steer the airplane.
Aileron
A hinged flight control surface on the trailing edge of an airplane's wing, used to control lateral balance and roll.
Altimeter
An instrument that measures the altitude of an object above a fixed level, typically used in aircraft to determine flying height.
Jetway
A movable connector which extends from an airport terminal gate to an aircraft, allowing passengers to board and disembark without going outdoors.
Slats
Extendable surfaces on the leading edge of airplane wings, which are deployed to increase lift at slower speeds, such as during takeoff and landing.
Pitot Tube
An instrument that measures airspeed by comparing static and dynamic air pressure, vital for safe aircraft operation.
Squawk
A code that an aircraft transmits to identify itself on air traffic control radar, often assigned by air traffic controllers.
Knot
A unit of speed equal to one nautical mile per hour, commonly used in aviation and maritime navigation.
Nose Gear
The set of wheels located under the front of the aircraft, which helps in steering on the ground and supports the airplane during takeoff and landing.
Tailwind
A wind that blows in the same direction that an aircraft is moving, which can decrease travel time and increase fuel efficiency during flight.
VOR
A short for VHF Omnidirectional Range, a type of radio navigation system for aircraft which enables them to find their position and stay on course.
ILS
Instrument Landing System, a ground-based instrument approach system that provides precision guidance to an aircraft approaching a runway.
Yaw
The rotation of an aircraft around its vertical axis, which is controlled by the rudder.
Ground Control
The area of air traffic control responsible for monitoring and directing all ground traffic at an airport, including taxiing aircraft and airport vehicles.
Black Box
A general term for the flight data recorder and cockpit voice recorder on an aircraft, used for accident investigation and analysis.
Empennage
The tail section of an aircraft, including the vertical and horizontal stabilizers, rudder, and elevators.
Pushback
The process of an aircraft being pushed backwards away from the airport gate by a tug or pushback tractor, usually just before taxiing.
Holding Pattern
A maneuver designed to delay an aircraft already in flight while keeping it within a specified airspace.
Deadhead
A member of the flight crew who is on board the aircraft but not on duty, often present for logistical reasons such as positioning for a later assignment.
Thrust Reverser
A device on jet engines that reverses the engine's thrust to help slow an aircraft upon landing.
Flap
A movable aerodynamic surface on the trailing edge of an aircraft wing, used to increase the wing's lift during takeoff and landing.
Taxiway
A path on an airport connecting runways with aprons, hangars, terminals, and other facilities, designated for the taxiing of aircraft.
Nautical Mile
A unit of distance used in aviation and maritime navigation that is equal to 1,852 meters or 6,076.1 feet.
Jet Bridge
Another term for Jetway, a movable walkway that connects the airport gate to the aircraft, allowing passengers to board.
Spoilers
Flight control surfaces on an aircraft wing that can be extended to disrupt airflow, reducing lift and increasing drag to slow the airplane down.
Winglet
A small fin at the tip of an aircraft wing designed to reduce drag and improve fuel efficiency.
Transponder
An electronic device in aircraft that receives a signal from a radar and automatically returns a set code signal; pivotal for air traffic control to identify the aircraft on radar.
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