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Unwanted or harmful outdoor sound created by transportation vehicles. Can lead to health issues such as stress, hearing loss, and sleep disturbances.

Includes all emissions from the production, operation, and disposal of a transportation vehicle, highlighting the importance of looking at the total environmental impact.

Accidental spills and runoff from roads can contaminate soil with hazardous substances, impacting plant life and water quality through infiltration.

Construction of transportation infrastructure can lead to habitat destruction, fragmentation, and barrier effects, threatening wildlife populations.

The ability of transportation infrastructure to withstand and adapt to climate change impacts such as sea-level rise, extreme weather events, and higher temperatures.

Encouraging the use of more environmentally friendly modes of transportation, like cycling, walking, or public transit, over less sustainable options like personal automobiles.

Transportation can lead to water pollution through runoff of oil, fuel, and chemicals, affecting aquatic ecosystems and potentially contaminating drinking water supplies.

A method to assess the environmental aspects and potential impacts throughout a product's life cycle, from raw material acquisition through production, use, and disposal.

Excessive, misdirected, or intrusive artificial light from transportation sources that can disrupt ecosystems and human health.

Regulations that set specific performance requirements for the fuel economy of vehicles, reducing overall emissions from the transportation sector.

Carbon dioxide (CO2) and other greenhouse gases released from vehicles, contributing to global warming. In transportation, this is primarily due to combustion of fossil fuels in cars, trucks, and airplanes.

Refers to the presence of pollutants in the air. Transportation sources emit nitrogen oxides, sulfur dioxide, particulate matter, and volatile organic compounds, which can affect human health and the environment.

Increase in temperature caused by transportation infrastructure, such as dark pavements absorbing heat, impacting local climates and urban heat islands.

Transportation requires materials (like steel and concrete) and energy resources, which can lead to resource depletion and ecological footprint.

Incorporating green spaces, public transit, and walkable areas to reduce reliance on personal cars and mitigate transportation-related environmental impacts.

The total amount of greenhouse gases produced to directly and indirectly support human activities, commonly expressed in equivalent tons of carbon dioxide (CO2).

The use of fuels like electricity, hydrogen, and biofuels to reduce the environmental footprint of transportation, compared to traditional fossil fuels.

Transportation infrastructure can alter ecosystems and the services they provide, like water purification, flood regulation, and carbon sequestration.

Switching to electric vehicles reduces tailpipe emissions, but also shifts the environmental impact to electricity generation and battery production processes.