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Transportation Planning Principles
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Transportation System Management (TSM)
TSM focuses on improving transportation systems through incremental changes, such as signal timing improvements. Importance: It enhances the efficiency and performance of existing infrastructure without significant capital investments.
Sustainable Transportation
Sustainable transportation refers to modes and policies that minimize environmental impact, enhance the efficient use of resources, and improve social equity. It's important for reducing carbon footprint and ensuring long-term viability of transportation systems.
Transportation Equity
Transportation equity ensures that all communities have fair access to transportation options and benefits. Importance: It addresses social and economic disparities, allowing for inclusive growth and opportunity.
Travel Demand Forecasting
Travel demand forecasting predicts future travel patterns and volume to aid in transportation planning. Importance: Accurate forecasts are essential for effective infrastructure investment and avoiding over- or under-capacity issues.
Travel Time Reliability
Travel time reliability refers to the consistency and predictability of travel times on a transportation network. Importance: Reliable travel times are crucial for economic productivity and user satisfaction.
Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS)
ITS refers to the use of advanced technology to manage transportation and improve efficiency, such as real-time traffic information systems. Importance: ITS enhances transportation system performance and can lead to a reduction in congestion and accidents.
Accessibility
Accessibility is a measure of the ease with which destinations can be reached from a location. It is important because it determines how easily people can access jobs, services, and amenities, thus impacting their quality of life.
Context Sensitive Solutions (CSS)
CSS is an approach that designs transportation projects to preserve and enhance the environmental, social, and economic characteristics of the area. Importance: It ensures that transportation solutions are harmonious with community values.
Multimodal Transportation
Multimodal transportation involves integrating different modes of transport to facilitate smoother and more efficient movement of people and goods. Importance: It optimizes the use of each mode's advantages and creates more resilient transportation networks.
Mode Choice
Mode choice analysis predicts the transportation mode individuals will choose for their trips. Importance: It guides the planning of balanced transportation systems and informs policy decisions regarding infrastructure investments.
Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA)
EIA is the evaluation of the potential environmental effects caused by transportation projects. Importance: It ensures that significant environmental impacts are considered before the project is developed.
Parking Management
Parking management involves strategies to efficiently use parking resources and reduce reliance on private vehicle travel. Importance: Effective parking management can alleviate congestion and encourage alternative transportation modes.
Bicycle and Pedestrian Planning
This aspect of planning focuses on providing safe and convenient walking and cycling infrastructure. Importance: It promotes active transportation, reduces traffic congestion, and supports public health.
Transportation Safety Planning
This involves developing strategies and interventions to reduce the number and severity of transportation-related injuries and fatalities. Importance: Ensuring safety is critical for protecting human life and the well-being of communities.
Freight Transportation Planning
Freight transportation planning involves the organization and management of goods movement. Importance: Efficient freight planning is essential for economic competitiveness and reducing the impact of freight transport on the environment.
Network Design
Network design involves structuring transportation systems to connect different locations efficiently. Importance: Well-designed networks reduce travel times, improve safety, and support sustainable development.
Transit-Oriented Development (TOD)
TOD is a planning strategy that focuses on creating high-density, mixed-use areas around transit stations. Importance: TOD encourages public transport use, reduces reliance on cars, and promotes sustainable urban growth.
Congestion Pricing
Congestion pricing charges drivers a fee to use roadways during peak traffic times. Importance: It is intended to manage demand, reduce congestion, and generate revenue for transportation improvements.
Transportation Resilience
Resilience in transportation refers to the ability of the system to withstand and recover from adverse conditions. Importance: Building resilient transportation networks is crucial for maintaining functionality in the face of challenges such as climate change or natural disasters.
Level of Service (LOS)
Level of Service is a qualitative measure describing operational conditions within a traffic stream, graded from A to F. Importance: LOS is used to determine the quality and performance of different transportation facilities.
Trip Generation
Trip generation is the process of estimating the number of trips that will originate or end in a particular area. Importance: Understanding trip generation helps planners anticipate demand and develop appropriate transportation infrastructure.
Transportation Funding and Financing
This concept deals with methods of generating revenue for transportation projects, such as user fees, taxes, and bonds. Importance: Reliable funding is necessary to maintain, expand, and improve transportation infrastructure.
Asset Management
Asset management in transportation is the systematic process of maintaining, upgrading, and operating physical assets cost-effectively. Importance: It extends the service life of infrastructure and ensures optimal performance.
Demand Management
Demand management is a strategy to optimize the use of transportation systems by influencing travel behavior. It is important to reduce congestion, lower emissions, and increase the overall efficiency of the transport network.
Traffic Flow Theory
Traffic flow theory studies the interactions between drivers, vehicles, and infrastructure to understand and predict traffic movement. Importance: It informs traffic management strategies and infrastructure design to improve safety and efficiency.
Public Participation in Planning
Public participation entails involving community members in the decision-making process of transportation planning. Importance: It ensures that the transportation system reflects the needs and values of the community.
Land Use Planning
Land use planning involves organizing and controlling land uses to support efficient and sustainable transportation. Importance: Integrating transportation with land use planning reduces travel demand and fosters vibrant, walkable communities.
Route Assignment
Route assignment determines which routes travelers will take, based on factors like travel time and cost. Importance: Effective route assignment helps to manage traffic congestion and optimize the use of existing transportation networks.
Economic Impact Analysis
Economic impact analysis measures the effects of transportation projects on economic activity. Importance: It helps prioritize projects based on their potential to stimulate economic growth and create jobs.
Trip Distribution
Trip distribution models how trips are dispersed from origins to destinations. Importance: It allows planners to understand travel patterns and to design networks that accommodate these patterns efficiently.
Traffic Impact Analysis
This analysis assesses the effects of new developments on the transportation system. Importance: It informs the need for infrastructure changes to accommodate additional traffic and prevent negative impacts on existing flows.
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