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Transportation Legislation and Policy
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National Traffic and Motor Vehicle Safety Act
Purpose: To reduce traffic accidents and injuries by enforcing vehicle performance standards. Impact on Transportation: Implementation of safety features such as seat belts, air bags, and crash performance criteria in vehicles.
Rail Safety Improvement Act of 2008
Purpose: To enhance railroad safety. Impact on Transportation: Required the implementation of positive train control (PTC) systems to prevent train-to-train collisions.
Airport and Airway Development Act of 1970
Purpose: To fund the development of a nationwide airport and airway system. Impact on Transportation: Facilitated the expansion and modernization of U.S. airports, improving passenger and cargo transportation services.
Shipping Act of 1984
Purpose: To establish a competitive and efficient ocean transportation system. Impact on Transportation: Allowed for greater flexibility in the maritime industry, leading to improved carrier alliances and service contracts.
Clean Air Act
Purpose: To control air pollution by instituting regulations for emissions. Impact on Transportation: Reduction in permissible emissions from vehicles, leading to advances in vehicle emission control technologies.
Airport Noise and Capacity Act of 1990
Purpose: To address the growing issue of aircraft noise at airports. Impact on Transportation: Imposed noise restrictions on civil aircraft and guided the development of noise abatement programs at airports.
The Motor Carrier Act of 1980
Purpose: To deregulate the trucking industry. Impact on Transportation: Increased competition and efficiency in the industry, leading to reduced costs of goods transportation.
Moving Ahead for Progress in the 21st Century Act (MAP-21)
Purpose: To fund surface transportation programs. Impact on Transportation: Focusing on safety, maintenance, and efficiency, the act streamlined project delivery and consolidated numerous federal highway programs.
Airline Deregulation Act of 1978
Purpose: To remove government control over fares, routes, and market entry in the commercial airline industry. Impact on Transportation: Increased competition and market accessibility for new airlines, lower fares for consumers, and route expansion.
Jones Act (Merchant Marine Act of 1920)
Purpose: To regulate maritime commerce in U.S. waters and between U.S. ports. Impact on Transportation: Supports the U.S. maritime industry by requiring goods shipped between U.S. ports to be transported on U.S.-built and flagged ships.
Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act (ISTEA) of 1991
Purpose: To develop a national intermodal transportation system. Impact on Transportation: Encouraged the seamless movement of people and goods across different transportation modes, and increased funding for alternative forms of transportation such as biking and walking.
Pipelines and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration (PHMSA) Regulations
Purpose: To regulate and ensure the safe and secure movement of hazardous materials to industry and consumers. Impact on Transportation: Enforced safety standards for the transport of hazardous materials, impacting road, rail, air, and maritime transportation.
Aviation and Transportation Security Act (ATSA)
Purpose: To improve aviation security in the wake of the September 11 attacks. Impact on Transportation: Created the Transportation Security Administration (TSA) to oversee security in all modes of transportation, with an emphasis on air travel.
High-Speed Rail Act of 2008
Purpose: To promote the development of high-speed rail networks in the U.S. Impact on Transportation: Led to the consideration and planning for high-speed rail corridors and allocated funds for rail infrastructure improvements.
Fixing America’s Surface Transportation (FAST) Act
Purpose: To provide long-term funding certainty for surface transportation. Impact on Transportation: Invested in infrastructure and transportation to enhance America’s roads, bridges, rail systems, and transit networks.
Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA)
Purpose: To prevent discrimination against individuals with disabilities. Impact on Transportation: Mandated accessible transportation services, including modified vehicles and transit systems.
Urban Mass Transportation Act of 1964
Purpose: To provide financial assistance for the development of urban mass transportation systems. Impact on Transportation: Supported the creation and maintenance of public transit systems, helping to reduce congestion and improve urban mobility.
Transportation Equity Act for the 21st Century (TEA-21)
Purpose: To authorize funding for transportation programs. Impact on Transportation: Expansion of federal surface transportation programs, emphasizing sustainability and safety.
Federal-Aid Highway Act
Purpose: To provide financial aid for roadway construction and improvement. Impact on Transportation: Led to the development of the Interstate Highway System, increasing connectivity and reducing travel time across states.
Federal Railroad Safety Act of 1970
Purpose: To promote safety in all areas of railroad operations and reduce railroad-related accidents. Impact on Transportation: Resulted in the enforcement of safety regulations and guidelines for railroads, improving rail transportation safety.
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