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Designed to secure occupants against harmful movement that may result from a collision or sudden stop. Effectiveness includes reducing fatalities by 45-50% among drivers and front seat passengers.

Supplemental restraint systems that inflate to cushion the occupants during a collision. Effectiveness includes reducing driver fatalities by up to 30% in frontal crashes.

Helps prevent the wheels from locking during braking to maintain directional control. Effectiveness is seen in reduced accident rates, especially on slippery surfaces.

Reduces wheel spin during acceleration by automatically adjusting the power output or applying brakes. Effectiveness includes improved stability, especially in wet or icy conditions.

Detects and reduces loss of traction to prevent skidding or losing control. Effectiveness shown in reducing single-vehicle crashes by more than 30% for cars.

Marked areas of a road where pedestrians are given priority to cross. Effectiveness includes improved pedestrian safety and reduced pedestrian-vehicle collision incidents.

Electrical devices positioned at road intersections to control competing flows of traffic. Effectiveness results in an organized flow and reduces accidents at intersections.

Circular intersection design that eliminates traffic signals and forces a continuous flow of vehicles. Effectiveness includes a significant reduction in fatal and injury crashes.

Maximum legal speed at which a vehicle may travel on a road. Effectiveness lies in the reduction of crashes and severity of injuries when crashes occur.

Raised areas of pavement designed to slow down vehicles. Effectiveness includes a reduction of vehicle speeds, especially in residential areas, and fewer accidents.

Design and strategic placement of physical features that slow down or reduce traffic. Effectiveness includes enforcing safer driving speeds and lowering the risk of accidents.

Raised or grooved patterns on the road intended to alert inattentive drivers through vibration and noise. Effectiveness is especially noted in preventing run-off-road collisions.

Illumination of roads to enhance visibility for drivers, especially at night. Effectiveness is seen in reduced accidents and improved safety for nighttime driving.

Road marking paint that contains reflective materials for better visibility at night and during adverse weather conditions. Effectiveness helps with lane visibility and orientation.

Designated areas on roads specifically for bicycle traffic. Effectiveness includes improved road safety by reducing conflicts between bicycles and motor vehicles.

Barrier systems installed along road edges to prevent vehicles from veering off the roadway. Effectiveness is in minimizing the severity of off-road crashes.

Designated exit routes on highways for use during emergencies and vehicle breakdowns. Effectiveness includes promoting safety during such events and reducing the risk of secondary accidents.

Physical or painted barriers on roads to separate different streams of traffic. Effectiveness includes prevention of head-on collisions and maintenance of orderly traffic flow.

Signage installed along the roadside to convey rules, warnings, and guidance to drivers. Effectiveness includes improved compliance with road rules and reduced confusion.

Protective headgear for motorcycle riders. Effectiveness is in significantly reducing the risk of head injury and death in the event of a motorcycle crash.

Regular mandated checks to ensure vehicle safety standards and roadworthiness. Effectiveness includes keeping unsafe vehicles off the road and reducing malfunctions that could lead to accidents.

Programs to teach drivers safe driving techniques and traffic laws. Effectiveness includes fostering responsible driving behavior and reducing incidences of traffic violations.

Police checkpoints designed to detect and deter impaired driving. Effectiveness includes the reduction of alcohol-related crashes by discouraging people from drinking and driving.

Seats designed specifically to protect children in the event of a vehicle crash. Effectiveness includes a 71% reduction in infant fatalities and a 54% reduction for toddlers in passenger vehicles.