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Purpose: To reduce the density of limbs, allowing more light and air to penetrate the canopy. Methods: Selective removal of entire branches at their points of origin.

Purpose: To encourage bushy growth and more flowers or fruits. Methods: Trimming the ends of branches so that multiple buds will sprout.

Purpose: To train trees or shrubs to grow flat against a support, often in decorative patterns. Methods: Selectively pruning and tying branches to a frame.

Purpose: To remove dead, dying, or diseased branches. Methods: Cutting away compromised branches to prevent decay organisms from entering the tree.

Purpose: To decrease the size of a tree, often for utility clearance. Methods: Selective removal of branches to achieve a smaller canopy.

Purpose: Often discouraged, it's a drastic form of pruning to reduce tree height. Methods: Cutting the main branches back to stubs.

Purpose: To improve the health and aesthetics of a tree. Methods: Selectively removing dead, diseased, or weak limbs.

Purpose: To allow more light and air through the crown. Methods: Evenly removing some of the smaller, living branches throughout the crown.

Purpose: To eliminate vigorous shoots that grow from the base of a tree. Methods: Removing shoots that arise from the root system or at the base of the tree.

Purpose: To create a formal, geometric shape for hedges or topiaries. Methods: Using manual or powered hedge trimmers to uniformly cut back new growth.

Purpose: To reduce the height and spread of a tree. Methods: Cutting back the tree's branches to lateral branches that are large enough to assume the terminal role.

Purpose: To correct problems caused by overgrown roots, prepare for transplantation, or stimulate root growth. Methods: Cutting roots in a planned pattern and location.

Purpose: To clear lower branches to enhance clearance underneath. Methods: Removing lower branches up to a specified height.

Purpose: To control tree size and encourage a dense head of foliage. Methods: Cutting off the top of a tree to promote the growth of a dense mass of branches.