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A technique where fabric is puckered along a thread to create fullness in areas like sleeves or skirts.

The exact 45-degree angle to the grain of the fabric, which gives the most stretch and is used for items like bias tape.

A long, shaped seam that is used to give contour and shape to a garment, especially in women's clothing.

Cutting fabric diagonally to the grain to create garments that softly follow the body's curves. Common for high-end designs due to fabric waste.

The difference between body measurements and the resulting garment measurement, which allows for movement and comfort.

A type of fold formed by doubling fabric back upon itself and securing it in place. Used to create volume or decorative effects.

French draping technique, creating a skin-tight pattern by draping fabric on a dress form. Used for custom-fitted garments.

A folded and sewn wedge of fabric that helps to shape a flat piece to the body's contours, often found at the bust or waist.

The process of positioning and pinning fabric on a dress form to develop the structure of a garment design.

Small folds of fabric stitched in place to create fullness or decorative texture in a garment. Different from darts as they do not fit the body.

The direction of the fabric's weave that runs perpendicular to the selvage of the fabric. Less stable than straight grain.

The direction of the weave in a fabric. Cutting along the grain ensures that the fabric hangs properly without twisting.

A fold created when fabric is draped elegantly and allowed to fall naturally, often used for Grecian-style dresses.

The self-finished edge of fabric that doesn't fray. Used as a reference point for straight grain.