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Economic History of Oceania

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Formation of the Pacific Islands Forum

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Established in 1971; aims to enhance cooperation between countries of the Pacific, improving regional economic integration.

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The Floating of the Australian Dollar

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1983; marked a significant shift towards an open market economy, leading to greater currency volatility but also to more efficient financial markets.

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Introduction of the Tapa Cloth Trade

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Pre-1800s; facilitated the exchange of culture and goods, becoming a significant economic activity in Polynesia.

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Impact of WWII on Oceania

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1940s; increased military expenditure and American presence boosted the economies of Australia and New Zealand.

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Rise of the Mining Sector in Australia

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2000s; significant contribution to the national GDP through exports, especially iron ore and coal, leading to a commodity boom.

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Australian Wool Boom

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1950s; Australia dominated the world wool market, driving economic growth and prosperity in the period after WWII.

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Tourism Surge in Hawaii

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Late 20th century; became a major economic component, showcasing the region's natural beauty and boosting employment.

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The Bougainville Civil War

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1988-1998; disrupted copper mining, which was a critical source of revenue for Papua New Guinea, leading to a troubled economy.

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Australian Gold Rush

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1851-1870s; led to significant population growth and wealth, establishing Australia as a powerhouse in the region.

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Chinese Investment in the Pacific

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21st century; has led to increased economic influence in the region, with investments in infrastructure but also rising concerns over debt sustainability.

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The Great Depression's Impact on Oceania

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1930s; caused widespread economic hardship, particularly in Australia and New Zealand with declining trade and unemployment.

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Phosphate Mining Boom in Nauru

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Early 20th century; gave rise to Nauru's wealth, but later led to economic instability due to resource depletion.

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Coconut Industry of the Pacific Islands

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Historically significant, coconut production has been a stable economic resource for many Pacific Island nations.

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Solomon Islands Logging Industry

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Late 20th century; timber production became a key export, transforming the economy but also leading to deforestation concerns.

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Treaty of Waitangi and the New Zealand Economy

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1840; the foundation for British colonization which impacted Maori land rights and New Zealand's economic structure.

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Fiji's Sugar Cane Industry

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Began in the 1870s; became the backbone of Fiji’s economy, involving a significant part of the labor force and export earnings.

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