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Economic History of Oceania
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Formation of the Pacific Islands Forum
Established in 1971; aims to enhance cooperation between countries of the Pacific, improving regional economic integration.
The Floating of the Australian Dollar
1983; marked a significant shift towards an open market economy, leading to greater currency volatility but also to more efficient financial markets.
Introduction of the Tapa Cloth Trade
Pre-1800s; facilitated the exchange of culture and goods, becoming a significant economic activity in Polynesia.
Impact of WWII on Oceania
1940s; increased military expenditure and American presence boosted the economies of Australia and New Zealand.
Rise of the Mining Sector in Australia
2000s; significant contribution to the national GDP through exports, especially iron ore and coal, leading to a commodity boom.
Australian Wool Boom
1950s; Australia dominated the world wool market, driving economic growth and prosperity in the period after WWII.
Tourism Surge in Hawaii
Late 20th century; became a major economic component, showcasing the region's natural beauty and boosting employment.
The Bougainville Civil War
1988-1998; disrupted copper mining, which was a critical source of revenue for Papua New Guinea, leading to a troubled economy.
Australian Gold Rush
1851-1870s; led to significant population growth and wealth, establishing Australia as a powerhouse in the region.
Chinese Investment in the Pacific
21st century; has led to increased economic influence in the region, with investments in infrastructure but also rising concerns over debt sustainability.
The Great Depression's Impact on Oceania
1930s; caused widespread economic hardship, particularly in Australia and New Zealand with declining trade and unemployment.
Phosphate Mining Boom in Nauru
Early 20th century; gave rise to Nauru's wealth, but later led to economic instability due to resource depletion.
Coconut Industry of the Pacific Islands
Historically significant, coconut production has been a stable economic resource for many Pacific Island nations.
Solomon Islands Logging Industry
Late 20th century; timber production became a key export, transforming the economy but also leading to deforestation concerns.
Treaty of Waitangi and the New Zealand Economy
1840; the foundation for British colonization which impacted Maori land rights and New Zealand's economic structure.
Fiji's Sugar Cane Industry
Began in the 1870s; became the backbone of Fiji’s economy, involving a significant part of the labor force and export earnings.
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