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The Sandline Affair refers to a political and military crisis which erupted when the government of Papua New Guinea (PNG) hired Sandline International, a mercenary firm, to suppress the Bougainville revolutionary army. The crisis led to the resignation of Prime Minister Sir Julius Chan and cast a shadow on the reputation of international security companies.

Prime Minister of Papua New Guinea who contracted Sandline International with the intent to end the Bougainville conflict. His decision led to public outrage and a military revolt, culminating in his resignation and a shift in PNG's approach to resolving the civil war in Bougainville.

Signed in 2001, this agreement was the culmination of peace efforts that followed the Sandline Affair and the broader Bougainville conflict. It granted Bougainville autonomous status and the promise of a future referendum for independence, which was an important step in the resolution of the long-standing conflict.

An island in Papua New Guinea which became the center of a secessionist conflict, leading to the hiring of Sandline International by the PNG government. The resulting Sandline Affair intensified the call for peaceful negotiations and eventually contributed to the Bougainville Peace Agreement.

A private military company contracted by the Papua New Guinea government to quell the Bougainville rebellion. The engagement of Sandline International triggered widespread protests and a split in the PNG Defence Force, which opposed the use of foreign mercenaries. This opposition eventually led to the dismissal of the contract.