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History of the Hawaiian Monarchy

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Kamehameha IV

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Reign: 1855–1863; Advocated for public health and charity, established Queen's Hospital.

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Kamehameha V

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Reign: 1863–1872; Reinstated a new constitution that increased monarchical power and restored some Hawaiian traditions.

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Wilcox Rebellion of 1889

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Event: 1889; An unsuccessful revolt by Robert William Wilcox and his supporters against the Bayonet Constitution.

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Overthrow of the Hawaiian Monarchy

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Event: 1893; Led to the end of the monarchy and eventually resulted in Hawaii's annexation to the United States in 1898.

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Great Mahele

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Event: 1848; Land redistribution that allowed private ownership of land and changed the traditional land tenure system in Hawaii.

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Lunalilo

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Reign: 1873–1874; Elected by the legislature and known for his democratic style and intention to form a more elected government.

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Kamehameha III

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Reign: 1825–1854; Longest-reigning Hawaiian monarch who oversaw the introduction of a constitutional monarchy.

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Queen Emma

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Monarch Consort: Married to Kamehameha IV, co-founded Queen's Hospital, and remained influential in promoting health and social welfare.

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Kamehameha II

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Reign: 1819–1824; Abolished the kapu system, resulting in significant social and religious changes.

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Bayonet Constitution

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Event: 1887; Forced upon King Kalākaua, it significantly reduced his powers and increased the influence of non-Hawaiian interests.

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Kalākaua

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Reign: 1874–1891; 'The Merrie Monarch', promoted Hawaiian culture and built Iolani Palace, faced bayonet constitution.

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Kamehameha Day

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Event: Started in 1871; An annual holiday that celebrates King Kamehameha I and serves to preserve Hawaiian culture.

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Kamehameha I

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Reign: 1810–1819; Unified the Hawaiian Islands and established the Kingdom of Hawaii.

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Liliʻuokalani

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Reign: 1891–1893; The last sovereign monarch of Hawaii, overthrown by American and European business interests and led to annexation by the US.

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Reciprocity Treaty of 1875

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Event: 1875; A trade agreement between the Kingdom of Hawaii and the United States which granted the US access to Pearl Harbor.

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