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Location: New Guinea. Characteristics: Cultures vary across highland and lowland regions, including practices like pig husbandry, traditional tribal warfare, and vibrant festivals featuring 'sing-sings'.

Location: Fiji. Characteristics: Their society was tribal with a warrior tradition, complex social hierarchy, and they crafted fine pottery and built large, double-hulled canoes.

Location: Pohnpei, Micronesia. Characteristics: Known for the megalithic city of Nan Madol, they had a hierarchical society and are famed for their sakau (kava) ceremonies.

Location: Australia. Characteristics: They have a complex social structure, spiritual beliefs connected to the 'Dreamtime' and are one of the oldest continuous cultures on Earth.

Location: Samoa Islands. Characteristics: Had a communal way of living known as 'Fa'a Samoa' with a strong 'Matai' (chief) system, and were skilled in ocean navigation and fishing.

Location: Palau. Characteristics: They had an egalitarian society anchored by matrilineal clans, practiced complex fishing techniques, and had elaborate funerary customs.

Location: Micronesia. Characteristics: The term encompasses diverse cultures, such as Yapese, Pohnpeian, and Chuukese, each with unique navigation, fishing, and social organization practices.

Location: Hawaiian Islands. Characteristics: Known for their navigation skills, hula dance, and the aloha spirit, as well as a complex caste system with strict kapu (taboo) laws.

Location: Solomon Islands. Characteristics: They had a diverse array of cultures with a focus on village-based society, headhunting was a practice in some groups, and they are known for their shell valuables and wood carvings.

Location: Melanesia (includes New Guinea, Solomon Islands, Vanuatu, and Fiji). Characteristics: Known for cultural diversity, extended kinship groups, and practices like pig farming and yam cultivation.

Location: Vanuatu. Characteristics: Comprised of numerous island cultures, they are known for their sand drawings, male and female graded societies, and a belief in ancestor spirits called 'anem' and 'natmas'.

Location: Tonga. Characteristics: Ruled by a monarchy and known for their navigational expertise, woodworking, and intricate tapa cloth art.

Location: Yap Islands. Characteristics: Renowned for their stone money known as 'Rai', an elaborate caste system, and sea-based trade networks, often with Palau.

Location: New Zealand. Characteristics: Known for their distinctive culture with a rich mythology, traditional arts, and engagement in warfare.

Location: Papua region (includes parts of Indonesia and Papua New Guinea). Characteristics: Distinctive from other Melanesian cultures, with societies organized in tribal structures, and featuring diverse languages and traditions.

Location: Easter Island. Characteristics: Known for the monumental statues called Moai, they had a complex social hierarchy and engaged in extensive environmental alteration of the island.

Location: Mariana Islands. Characteristics: Known for their latte stones, used as pillars for houses, had matrilineal clans, and skilled in seafaring and fishing.

Location: Marquesas Islands. Characteristics: Known for their elaborate tattoos, impressive wood carvings, and stone sculptures, as well as a polytheistic religion with complex rituals.

Location: Society Islands, specifically Tahiti. Characteristics: They had a stratified society with ari'i (nobles) at the top, and were skilled in surfing, va'a (canoe) navigation, and breadfruit cultivation.