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Adam Smith, David Ricardo, and John Stuart Mill - Emphasizes the role of free markets, the invisible hand, and comparative advantage

Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels - Centers on the analysis of class relations and societal conflict, means of production owned by society

John Maynard Keynes - Advocates for government intervention to mitigate business cycles and high unemployment

Milton Friedman - Focuses on the role of government in controlling the amount of money in circulation

Ludwig von Mises, Friedrich Hayek - Stresses free markets, individual choice, and the importance of the price mechanism

Arthur Laffer, Robert Mundell - Suggests economic growth can be most effectively created by lowering taxes and decreasing regulation

Robert Lucas, Thomas Sargent - Emphasizes the importance of economic actors’ expectations and rational behaviors

Thomas Mun, Jean-Baptiste Colbert - Endorses the increase of wealth by governments via protectionism, and trade surplus

Alfred Marshall, Leon Walras - Argues that consumers maximize utility and firms maximize profit to determine goods allocation in markets

Daniel Kahneman, Amos Tversky - Integrates psychological insights into human behavior to explain economic decision-making

Gregory Mankiw, N. Gregory Mankiw, David Romer - Focuses on market imperfections which may lead to price stickiness, leading to an ineffective market-clearing mechanism

Thorstein Veblen, John R. Commons - Studies institutions and their role in shaping economic behavior

W. Arthur Lewis, Amartya Sen - Examines the economic transformation of developing countries

John Nash, John von Neumann, Oskar Morgenstern - Analyzes strategic interactions in which the success of a player's strategy depends on the strategies of other players

James M. Buchanan, Gordon Tullock - Applies economic principles to political processes, explaining how self-interest and the non-altruistic behavior of voters, politicians, and bureaucrats can affect government policy

Gary Becker, Theodore Schultz - Argues that investment in human capital (education, training) is crucial for economic growth

Julie A. Nelson, Marilyn Waring - Critiques the historical exclusion of women from economic analysis and aims to explore how gender shapes the economy

Herman Daly, Robert Costanza - Combines ecological and economic thinking to examine the sustainability of economic systems

Joan Robinson, Hyman Minsky - Focuses on economic instability, uncertainty, and the irrelevance of neoclassical equilibrium models in understanding real-world economies