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1648, Ended the Thirty Years' War, established the concept of state sovereignty

1919, Formally ended World War I, imposed heavy reparations on Germany

1648, Ended the Thirty Years' War and the Eighty Years' War, laid the foundations for modern state system

1713, Ended the War of the Spanish Succession, marked the rise of British Empire

1815, Redrew the map of Europe after the defeat of Napoleon, established a balance of power

1494, Divided the newly discovered lands outside Europe between Spain and Portugal, paved the way for the discovery of new lands

1848, Ended the Mexican-American War, resulted in the U.S. acquiring territories including California and New Mexico

1918, Ended Russia's participation in World War I, resulted in large territorial losses for Russia

1840, Established British sovereignty over New Zealand, considered the founding document of New Zealand

1842, Marked the end of the First Opium War, ceded Hong Kong to Britain, first of the 'Unequal Treaties'

1905, Ended the Russo-Japanese War, marked the emergence of Japan as a world power

1814, Ended the War of 1812 between the U.S. and the U.K., restored the status quo antebellum

1920, Dismantled the Ottoman Empire, paved the way for the modern Middle East

1923, Recognized the boundaries of the modern Turkish state, ended the conflict between the Allies and Turkey

1920, Formalized the partition of Hungary, drastically reduced Hungary's territory

1957, Established the European Economic Community, precursor to the European Union

1925, Established a spirit of reconciliation between Germany and France, aimed to normalize relations post-WWI

1919, Imposed territorial and military restrictions on Bulgaria after WWI, part of the peace treaties

1878, Ended the Russo-Turkish War, provided for the creation of an autonomous Principality of Bulgaria

1920, Dismantled the Ottoman Empire after WWI, later replaced by the Treaty of Lausanne

1919, Redefined the borders of Austria after the fall of the Austro-Hungarian Empire following WWI

1814, Transferred control of Norway from Denmark to Sweden, a consequence of the Napoleonic Wars

1748, Ended the War of the Austrian Succession, led to a temporary halt in conflicts between European powers

1928, An international accord promoting peaceful resolution of disputes and renunciation of war as an instrument of national policy