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Individuals involved: Richard Nixon, Bob Woodward, Carl Bernstein, and others. Consequences: Nixon resigns, 40 government officials indicted, establishment of new political ethics laws.

Individuals involved: Ronald Reagan, Oliver North, John Poindexter. Consequences: Damage to Reagan's reputation, convictions of North and Poindexter (later overturned), Congressional hearings.

Individuals involved: Bill Clinton, Monica Lewinsky. Consequences: Clinton impeached, acquittal in the Senate, Lewinsky fodder for media.

Individuals involved: Warren G. Harding, Albert B. Fall, Harry F. Sinclair. Consequences: Fall convicted, Harding's reputation posthumously tarnished, new legislation for leasing public lands.

Individuals involved: John Profumo, Christine Keeler, the Soviet naval attaché. Consequences: Profumo's resignation, a crisis of confidence in the British government, the eventual downfall of Harold Macmillan's premiership.

Individuals involved: Members of the United States Congress, FBI agents. Consequences: Convictions of multiple Congress members, ethics reforms, public distrust in political figures elevated.

Individuals involved: Mark Ciavarella, Michael Conahan. Consequences: Long prison sentences for Ciavarella and Conahan, over 4,000 juvenile convictions overturned, widespread judicial reform call.

Individuals involved: Saddam Hussein, UN officials, multiple global corporations. Consequences: Resignations of UN officials, indictments and convictions, reforms within UN procurement.

Individuals involved: Bernie Madoff. Consequences: Madoff sentenced to 150 years in prison, billions of dollars lost by investors, heightened investment regulations.

Individuals involved: Executives at Cambridge Analytica, Facebook representatives. Consequences: Facebook scrutiny, GDPR establishment, massive public data privacy concerns.

Individuals involved: Sepp Blatter, numerous FIFA officials. Consequences: Arrests and indictments of FIFA officials, Blatter's resignation, substantial reforms within FIFA.

Individuals involved: Bettino Craxi, hundreds of Italian politicians. Consequences: Collapse of the First Italian Republic, major political upheaval, the birth of the Second Italian Republic.

Individuals involved: Alfred Dreyfus, Émile Zola, French military officials. Consequences: Dreyfus eventually exonerated, division in French society, major reforms in the French Army.

Individuals involved: Choi Soon-sil, President Park Geun-hye. Consequences: Impeachment and removal of President Park, widespread protests, Choi's imprisonment.

Individuals involved: Dozens of high-level Brazilian politicians and business executives. Consequences: Impeachment of President Dilma Rousseff, extensive anti-corruption measures, public protests.

Individuals involved: Najib Razak, Jho Low, and other high-profile individuals. Consequences: Najib's arrest and prosecution, intense international scrutiny, recovery efforts for billions embezzled.

Individuals involved: Senator Edward M. Kennedy, Mary Jo Kopechne. Consequences: Kopechne's death, Kennedy's public image damaged, lingering questions and political repercussions.

Individuals involved: Guatemalan President Otto Pérez Molina, Vice President Roxana Baldetti. Consequences: Both resignations, arrest and prosecution for corruption, renewed public calls for political transparency.

Individuals involved: Oakes Ames, members of U.S. Congress. Consequences: Scandal during the Ulysses S. Grant administration, tarnished reputations of involved politicians, early example of American political corruption.

Individuals involved: Numerous British MPs and Lords. Consequences: Resignations, repayment of expenses, reevaluation of the expenses system in UK politics.

Individuals involved: Australian government staffers, lawmakers. Consequences: Allegations of rape and misconduct, nationwide protests, political repercussions for Morrison government.

Individuals involved: Kenneth Lay, Jeffrey Skilling, Andrew Fastow. Consequences: Enron bankruptcy, loss of employee pensions, introduction of Sarbanes-Oxley Act.

Individuals involved: Bettino Craxi, Italian politicians, and businessmen. Consequences: Overhaul of Italian political system, numerous prosecutions and convictions, public disillusionment with political elites.

Individuals involved: Five U.S. Senators including John McCain and Alan Cranston, Charles Keating. Consequences: Major political scandal, reprimands and investigations of Senators, increased banking regulations.