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Core principles include individual freedoms, representative democracy, and the rule of law. Key theorists are John Locke and John Stuart Mill.

Core principles revolve around tradition, social stability, and maintaining established institutions. Key theorists include Edmund Burke and Michael Oakeshott.

Core principles focus on social ownership of the means of production and egalitarian distribution of wealth. Theorists include Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels.

Aims for a classless, stateless society where property is communally owned. Key theorists are Karl Marx and Vladimir Lenin.

Rejects compulsory government, advocating for a self-managed, stateless society. Key theorists are Pierre-Joseph Proudhon and Mikhail Bakunin.

Characterized by totalitarian rule, nationalist sentiments, and a dictatorial leader. Prominent figures include Benito Mussolini and Adolf Hitler.

Advocates minimal state intervention in personal and economic affairs. Notable theorists are Robert Nozick and Murray Rothbard.

Emphasizes the importance of environmental conservation and sustainability. Thinkers include Rachel Carson and Aldo Leopold.

Centers on promoting the interests of a particular nation or ethnic group, often placing the nation above individual or outside interests. Key theorists are Johann Gottfried Herder and Ernest Renan.

Seeks to define, establish, and achieve political, economic, personal, and social equality of sexes. Prominent figures include Simone de Beauvoir and bell hooks.

Supports the rule by a monarch and upholds the principles of a monarchy as a form of government. Traditional advocates include Thomas Hobbes and the concept of the 'Divine Right of Kings'.

An ethical theory that posits the best action is the one that maximizes utility, usually defined as that which produces the greatest well-being of the greatest number of people. Thinkers include Jeremy Bentham and John Stuart Mill.

Centralizes complete sovereignty in the hands of a single monarch. Louis XIV of France and Thomas Hobbes are notable proponents.

A social, political, and economic philosophy that examines the effect of capitalism on labor, productivity, and economic development and argues for a worker revolution to overturn capitalism in favor of communism. Key figures are Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels.

An economic system characterized by private ownership of the means of production, and their operation for profit. Central components include capital accumulation, competitive markets, and a price system. Adam Smith and Milton Friedman are key theorists.

A political philosophy supporting the rights and power of the people in their struggle against the privileged elite. Figures associated with populism include Ernesto Laclau and Chantal Mouffe.

Advocates for social reform and advancement by promoting science, technology, economic development, and social welfare. Notable progressives include Theodore Roosevelt and Woodrow Wilson.

A political philosophy that advocates the elimination of the state in favor of self-ownership, private property, and free markets. Murray Rothbard is a leading theorist.

An opposition to war or violence as a means of settling disputes and an advocacy for nonviolent solutions to conflict. Notable proponents include Mahatma Gandhi and Leo Tolstoy.