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Comparative Human Rights Systems

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Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE)

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Focuses on a wide range of security issues including human rights. No specific human rights treaty, but operates based on political commitments such as the Helsinki Final Act. The Office for Democratic Institutions and Human Rights monitors compliance.

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European

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Pertains to human rights in Europe. The European Convention on Human Rights is the cornerstone treaty. The European Court of Human Rights is the principal institution enforcing its provisions.

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United Nations

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Global focus on human rights. Key treaties include the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights and the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights. Key institutions include the UN Human Rights Council and the Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights.

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Arab

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Concerns human rights in the Arab League states. The Arab Charter on Human Rights is the governing treaty. The Arab Human Rights Committee oversees its implementation.

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ASEAN

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Addresses human rights in Southeast Asia. Key document is the ASEAN Human Rights Declaration. The ASEAN Intergovernmental Commission on Human Rights (AICHR) is the main institution.

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Inter-American

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Focuses on human rights in the Americas. Key treaty is the American Convention on Human Rights. The main institution is the Inter-American Commission on Human Rights and the Inter-American Court of Human Rights.

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Council of Europe

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Focused on human rights across its member states in Europe. The European Convention on Human Rights, overseen by the European Court of Human Rights, is key. The Commissioner for Human Rights is an independent institution within the Council tasked with monitoring human rights.

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Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS)

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Represents former Soviet Republics. Focus on intergovernmental cooperation, lacks a specific human rights treaty. Institutions include the Human Rights Commission of the CIS.

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African

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Centers on human rights in Africa. The principal treaty is the African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights. The African Commission on Human and Peoples' Rights and the African Court on Human and Peoples' Rights are the central institutions.

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Organization of American States (OAS)

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Regional focus on the Americas. The American Declaration of the Rights and Duties of Man is a foundational document. The OAS encompasses the Inter-American human rights system, including the Commission and the Court.

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