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Non-Discrimination and Equality Law

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Fair Housing Act

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A US law that prohibits discrimination by direct providers of housing, such as landlords and real estate companies as well as other entities, such as municipalities, banks, or other lending institutions and homeowners insurance companies whose discriminatory practices make housing unavailable to persons because of: race or color, religion, sex, national origin, familial status, or disability.

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Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women (CEDAW)

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An international treaty adopted by the United Nations General Assembly, often described as an international bill of rights for women that defines what constitutes discrimination against them and sets up an agenda for national action to end such discrimination.

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Employment Non-Discrimination Act (ENDA)

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A proposed bill in the United States Congress that would prohibit discrimination in hiring and employment on the basis of sexual orientation or gender identity by employers with at least 15 employees.

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Hate Crime Legislation

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Laws designed to protect individuals from crimes motivated by biases against a person's race, religion, disability, sexual orientation, ethnicity, gender, or gender identity.

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Marriage Equality

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Refers to the legal recognition of same-sex marriages with the same rights, responsibilities, and protections as marriages between individuals of the opposite sex.

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Genetic Information Nondiscrimination Act (GINA)

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A US federal law that protects individuals from genetic discrimination in health insurance and employment. It prohibits the use of genetic information in making employment decisions and restricts health insurers from using genetic information in determining coverage and rates.

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Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR)

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An international document adopted by the United Nations General Assembly that declares all human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights. It includes non-discrimination as a fundamental principle.

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Equal Pay Act of 1963

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A United States federal law that aims to abolish wage disparity based on sex. It requires that men and women be given the same pay for the same work in the same establishment.

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Disability Discrimination Act (DDA)

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A UK law that makes it unlawful to discriminate against people in respect of their disabilities in relation to employment, the provision of goods and services, education, and transport.

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Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA)

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A US law that prohibits discrimination based on disability and requires employers, public accommodations, and commercial facilities to provide reasonable accommodations to employees with disabilities.

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Gender Recognition Act 2004

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UK legislation that allows transsexual people to change their legal gender. It provides legal recognition and protection under their acquired gender.

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Racial Equality Directive 2000/43/EC

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An EU Directive which requires member states to prohibit direct or indirect racial or ethnic discrimination in many aspects, including employment, education, social security, healthcare, and access to goods and services.

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Pregnancy Discrimination Act

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An amendment to Title VII of the Civil Rights Act which prohibits discrimination on the basis of pregnancy, childbirth, or related medical conditions, and it ensures that pregnant women are treated the same as other employees for employment-related purposes.

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Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act

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The first law to prohibit discrimination against people with disabilities in the United States, specifically in federal programs and other programs receiving federal financial assistance.

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Loving v. Virginia (1967)

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A landmark civil rights decision of the US Supreme Court which invalidated laws prohibiting interracial marriage, holding that they violate the Equal Protection and Due Process Clauses of the Fourteenth Amendment to the US Constitution.

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Age Discrimination in Employment Act (ADEA)

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A US federal law that aims to protect applicants and employees 40 years of age or older from discrimination on the basis of age in hiring, promotion, discharge, compensation, or terms, conditions, or privileges of employment.

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Equal Treatment Directive 2006/54/EC

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An EU Directive which requires EU member states to ensure and promote the principle of equal treatment between men and women in the field of employment and occupation.

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Equality Act 2010

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A UK law that combined previous anti-discrimination laws into one Act. It ensures protection against direct and indirect discrimination, harassment, and victimization in services and public functions, work, education, associations, and transport.

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Council Directive 2000/78/EC

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An EU Directive establishing a general framework for equal treatment in employment and occupation. It prohibits discrimination based on religion or belief, disability, age, or sexual orientation.

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Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964

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Prohibits employment discrimination based on race, color, religion, sex, and national origin. Enforced by the EEOC, it applies to employers with 15 or more employees.

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