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Human Rights and Environmental Law

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Biodiversity and Human Rights

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The loss of biodiversity has direct impacts on human rights, particularly the rights of populations that rely on natural resources for their livelihoods, cultural identity, and survival.

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Right to Food and a Healthy Environment

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Environmental degradation and pollution can compromise the quantity and quality of food available, thus affecting the human right to an adequate standard of food.

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Access to Environmental Information

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Access to environmental information enhances transparency and accountability in environmental governance and enables individuals and communities to protect their environmental and health rights.

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Toxic Wastes and the Right to Health

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Exposure to toxic substances and hazardous wastes can significantly undermine the right to the highest attainable standard of health, and states have obligations to prevent and remedy such exposures.

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Gender, the Environment, and Human Rights

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Environmental issues can have different impacts on men and women, due to varying social roles, rights, and opportunities, highlighting the importance of integrating a gender perspective into environmental policies.

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Indigenous Peoples' Environmental Rights

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Indigenous peoples have specific rights that are acknowledged internationally to protect their traditional lands and resources, which are often crucial for their survival and way of life.

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Climate Change and Human Rights

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The adverse effects of climate change have severe implications for the effective enjoyment of human rights, particularly for vulnerable populations such as children, the elderly, and those living in poverty.

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Environmental Impact Assessments (EIA)

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An EIA is a procedure used to evaluate the environmental impacts of a proposed project, ensuring that decision makers consider environmental impacts when deciding whether to proceed with the project.

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Transboundary Environmental Harm and Human Rights

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States have an international legal obligation to prevent transboundary environmental harm that can infringe upon the human rights of individuals in other states, reflecting the interconnected nature of environmental issues.

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Public Participation in Environmental Decision Making

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Environmental laws often include provisions that guarantee public participation in the environmental decision-making processes, emphasizing the democratic aspect of environmental governance.

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Eco-Crime and Human Rights

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Illegal environmental activities such as poaching, logging, and pollution can have devastating effects on human rights, including economic, social, and cultural rights.

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Corporate Responsibility and the Environment

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Businesses have a responsibility to respect human rights and environmental laws, including taking proactive steps to ensure their activities do not harm the environment and infringe on the rights of individuals.

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Human Rights and Conservation

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Conservation efforts must respect human rights, as strict protectionist policies can lead to the displacement of communities and violations of indigenous peoples' rights to land and resources.

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Right to Water

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The right to safe and clean drinking water and sanitation as a human right that is essential for the full enjoyment of life and all human rights.

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Environmental Health Law

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Environmental health law is a field that encompasses the legal strategies and policies designed to manage the factors in the environment that affect human health and to ensure ecological sustainability.

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Children's Environmental Health Rights

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Children are particularly vulnerable to environmental pollutants, which can have lifelong health impacts, making it essential to protect their rights to a safe and healthy environment.

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The Right to a Healthy Environment

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International human rights law has evolved to recognize the right to a healthy environment as essential for the realization of other human rights, including the right to health, life, and an adequate standard of living.

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Environmental Refugees

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Environmental degradation and climate change can force people to flee their homes, leading to the concept of 'environmental refugees' or migrants who relocate due to environmental factors.

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Non-State Actors and Environmental Human Rights

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Non-state actors, including corporations and international organizations, play a role in respecting, protecting, and fulfilling environmental human rights through their policies and practices.

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Environmental Justice

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Environmental justice seeks to address the inequities that arise when poor and marginalized communities are disproportionately burdened by environmental hazards and lack access to environmental benefits.

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