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Distinction is a principle that requires parties in an armed conflict to distinguish between combatants and military targets, and non-combatants or civilian objects. This principle facilitates the minimization of civilian casualties and damage to civilian property.

Proportionality is a principle of humanitarian law that demands that the harm caused to civilians or civilian property must be proportional and not excessive in relation to the anticipated military advantage gained from a military operation.

Necessity is the principle that dictates that any military action must be an imperative for the achievement of a legitimate military objective and that the same result cannot be accomplished with a lesser degree of force or by less harmful means.

The principle of humanity seeks to prevent and alleviate human suffering wherever it may be found, to protect life and health, and to ensure respect for the human being. It encompasses all measures that ensure individuals are treated humanely in times of armed conflict.