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Landmark decision of the High Court of Australia recognizing native title - the recognition of indigenous Australians' traditional rights to land; Overturned the legal doctrine of terra nullius, which declared lands empty before European occupation.

Advisory body to the UN Economic and Social Council focused on indigenous issues related to economic and social development, culture, the environment, education, health, and human rights.

2014 Supreme Court of Canada decision that granted the Tsilhqot'in Nation a declaration of aboriginal title over a portion of their traditional territory; First time in Canada that aboriginal title was recognized outside of a reserve.

A special court in New Zealand that hears matters relating to Māori land; Works to retain Māori land and resources in the hands of its owners; Facilitates the succession and transfer of Māori land and titles.

Affirms indigenous peoples' rights to culture, identity, language, employment, health, education, and more; Proclaims the right to self-determination and autonomy; Emphasizes the need for free, prior, and informed consent before adopting measures affecting them.

Aims to prevent discrimination; Ensures indigenous peoples can maintain and develop their cultural identities and customs; Grants rights to land and resources that are critical to their survival.

United States federal law that settled land claims of Alaska Natives; Established Alaska Native regional and village corporations; Transferred lands, resources, and some wealth to Alaska Natives.

An agreement signed in 1840 between the British Crown and Māori chiefs; Recognizes Māori ownership of land and properties and gives the Crown exclusive right to buy lands; Foundation for Māori rights and a source of legal disputes and settlements.

A U.S. Supreme Court case that ruled restricting the right to vote in Hawaii to only Native Hawaiians was unconstitutional; Highlighting a tension between indigenous sovereignty and the 15th Amendment of the U.S. Constitution.

Australian federal law that provides the basis for Aboriginal people in the Northern Territory to claim rights to land based on traditional occupation; Established Aboriginal land councils; Part of a recognition and response to indigenous land dispossession.

Canadian comprehensive report on the status of Aboriginal peoples; Called for significant changes to the relationships between indigenous peoples, the Canadian government, and Canadian society; Includes recommendations on governance, education, health, and justice.

An elected assembly representing the interests of the Sami people of Norway; Functions as an institution of cultural autonomy; Advises the Norwegian government on matters affecting the Sami people.

International agreement linked to the Convention on Biological Diversity; Provides a legal framework for the fair and equitable sharing of benefits arising from the use of genetic resources; Recognizes the rights of indigenous communities over their traditional knowledge.

Referring to the U.S. Declaration of Independence, Constitution, and Bill of Rights; they collectively express ideals of individual liberty and human rights that should protect indigenous individuals, though historically, these rights were not always upheld for them.

A commission that documented the history and impacts of Canada's Indian Residential School System on indigenous children and their families; Issued calls to action aimed at repairing the harm caused and advancing reconciliation.

Legally binding convention that establishes the rights of indigenous people to cultural traditions, lands, and resources; Requires governments to involve indigenous people in decision making; Aimed at protecting the peoples' social, economic and cultural integrity.

U.S. federal law that governs jurisdiction over the removal of Native American children from their families; Aims to keep indigenous children with indigenous families; Recognizes tribal sovereignty.

Bolivian constitutional court ensuring compliance to the Bolivian Constitution, which recognizes the country as plurinational and gives rights to indigenous peoples; Upholds communal land rights and indigenous autonomy.

Affirms indigenous rights to cultural identity, community, and social structure; Acknowledges the rights to land, territories, and resources; Seeks to eliminate all forms of discrimination against indigenous peoples.