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Articulation Markings in Choral Music
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Staccato
Detach the notes sharply; sing each note with a clear, short separation.
Legato
Sing the notes smoothly and connected, with no space in between the notes.
Tenuto
Hold the note for its full value or slightly longer, stressing it.
Marcato
Sing the note with a marked emphasis and stronger attack, more than regular accented notes.
Accent
Emphasize the note by beginning it with a slightly louder sound and more force.
Sforzando (sfz)
Suddenly apply a strong forceful emphasis to the note, then immediately reduce the volume.
Fermata
Hold the note longer than its written value. The exact duration is up to the conductor's discretion.
Portato
Execute a smooth but slightly detached articulation, combining elements of legato and staccato.
Slur
Smoothly connect the notes in one breath without rearticulating each note.
Breath Mark
Take a quick breath at this point without disrupting the musical line or phrasing.
Caesura
Indicates a complete break in the sound; a brief, silent pause.
Glissando
Glide smoothly from one pitch to another, including all the intermediate pitches.
Pizzicato
Mimic the sound of plucked strings by singing lightly and somewhat percussively.
Rallentando (rall.)
Gradually slow down the tempo over a series of notes or measures.
Sostenuto
Sustain each note for its full duration, often beyond the normal length with a sense of prolongation.
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